tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90488794649107819332024-02-18T17:41:49.617-08:00Talking BrainsNews and views on the neural organization of language <p>moderated by Greg Hickok and David PoeppelGreg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.comBlogger889125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-49383809695421230362023-03-17T14:27:00.002-07:002023-03-17T14:27:16.461-07:00ChatGPT in conversation with a language scientist (Hickok)<p><span style="font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Some interesting failures in this conversation with ChatGPT, not just about the facts of language & brain but some glaring logical failures, like that people with complete damage to Wernicke's area would perform significantly worse than chance on a test of word comprehension. On questioning, it impressively "recognized" the error but then the bug re-emerged on the very last question. </span></span></p><p><span style="color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">---------------------</span></p><p><span style="color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which of the following is true about the neural basis of speech perception? a) it's bilateral in the STG. b) it's strongly left hemisphere dominant. c) it is dependent on Broca's area. d) it is the ability to perceive and understand words</span></p><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color 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--tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">b) It's strongly left hemisphere dominant.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Research has consistently shown that the left hemisphere of the brain plays a crucial role in speech perception, especially in the processing of phonemes (the smallest units of sound in language) and syntax (the grammatical rules governing sentence structure). The left hemisphere is also responsible for language production, as evidenced by patients with Broca's aphasia, who have damage to a specific region of the left frontal lobe (Broca's area) and struggle with producing coherent speech. However, speech perception is not dependent on Broca's area alone, but involves a network of brain regions, including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in both hemispheres, which is responsible for the initial decoding of speech sounds.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">But the right hemisphere of split brain patients can understand speech. How is that possible if speech perception is strongly left hemisphere dominant?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; 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--tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">Although speech perception is predominantly processed in the left hemisphere, the right hemisphere also plays a role in certain aspects of speech perception, such as prosody (the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech) and in the processing of emotional content of speech.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">In split-brain patients, where the corpus callosum (the band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres) has been surgically severed to treat epilepsy, the left and right hemispheres are unable to communicate with each other. However, split-brain patients can still perceive and understand speech because the auditory information travels through both ears and is initially processed in both hemispheres, with the left hemisphere being responsible for processing the linguistic content of speech, and the right hemisphere processing prosodic and emotional aspects.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">So, even though speech perception is strongly left hemisphere dominant, the right hemisphere can still contribute to speech perception in certain aspects, and split-brain patients can still understand speech through the combined processing of both hemispheres.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Your conclusions are logically inconsistent. Prosody and emotional aspects of speech processing cannot support word comprehension. </div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; 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--tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">I apologize for any confusion. You are correct that prosody and emotional aspects of speech processing alone cannot support word comprehension. I should have been more clear in my explanation.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">While it is true that the right hemisphere is involved in the processing of prosody and emotional content of speech, it is not solely responsible for word comprehension. As I mentioned earlier, word comprehension is predominantly processed in the left hemisphere, specifically in regions such as Broca's area and Wernicke's area.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">In split-brain patients, although the left and right hemispheres are unable to communicate with each other, the auditory information from speech can still be processed in both hemispheres to some extent, allowing for some level of comprehension. However, this comprehension is likely limited to the more basic aspects of speech processing and may not include the full comprehension of complex linguistic structures.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">I hope this clears up any confusion and I apologize for any inaccuracies in my earlier response.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 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UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">So the right hemisphere is capable of speech perception? </div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full 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scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; 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--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">Yes, the right hemisphere is capable of speech perception, although its role in this process is more limited than that of the left hemisphere. While the left hemisphere is specialized for processing linguistic information, such as the meaning of words and sentence structure, the right hemisphere is more involved in processing non-linguistic aspects of speech, such as prosody, emotional tone, and speaker identity.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">For example, the right hemisphere is better at processing subtle differences in tone of voice, such as sarcasm or irony, that may not be explicitly stated in the linguistic content of the speech. The right hemisphere is also important for processing nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions and body language, which can be important in understanding the meaning of spoken language.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Overall, while the left hemisphere is more heavily involved in speech perception and language processing, the right hemisphere does play a role in some aspects of speech perception and contributes to our overall understanding of spoken language.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">If a person had a stroke damaging all of Wernicke's area, would they be able to understand any words?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">Damage to Wernicke's area, located in the left temporal lobe of the brain, can result in receptive or fluent aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia. This type of aphasia affects a person's ability to understand language and to produce coherent speech.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">If a person had a stroke damaging all of Wernicke's area, they would likely experience severe difficulties in understanding any words, as Wernicke's area is critical for processing and comprehending the meaning of spoken words. In this case, the person might still be able to hear sounds, but they would not be able to recognize or understand the meaning of any spoken words or sentences.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">In addition to difficulty understanding spoken language, people with Wernicke's aphasia may also have difficulty producing coherent speech and may produce sentences that are grammatically correct but do not make sense. They may also have difficulty with reading comprehension and writing.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">It is worth noting that the extent and severity of the language deficits can vary depending on the location and extent of the brain damage, as well as the individual's age and overall health. Rehabilitation and speech therapy can be helpful in some cases, but the prognosis for recovery depends on many factors and varies from person to person.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; 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--tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Earlier you said that "the right hemisphere is capable of speech perception." Now you're telling me that damage to all of Wernicke's area would cause "severe difficulties in understanding any words." Isn't this a contradiction?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(255,255,255,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: flex; height: 30px; justify-content: center; padding: 0.25rem; position: relative; width: 30px;"><svg class="h-6 w-6" fill="none" height="41" stroke-width="1.5" viewbox="0 0 41 41" width="41" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M37.5324 16.8707C37.9808 15.5241 38.1363 14.0974 37.9886 12.6859C37.8409 11.2744 37.3934 9.91076 36.676 8.68622C35.6126 6.83404 33.9882 5.3676 32.0373 4.4985C30.0864 3.62941 27.9098 3.40259 25.8215 3.85078C24.8796 2.7893 23.7219 1.94125 22.4257 1.36341C21.1295 0.785575 19.7249 0.491269 18.3058 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11.9068 16.1207 11.8949L24.1719 7.25025C25.4053 6.53903 26.8158 6.19376 28.2383 6.25482C29.6608 6.31589 31.0364 6.78077 32.2044 7.59508C33.3723 8.40939 34.2842 9.53945 34.8334 10.8531C35.3826 12.1667 35.5464 13.6095 35.3055 15.0128ZM14.2424 21.9419L10.8752 19.9981C10.8576 19.9893 10.8423 19.9763 10.8309 19.9602C10.8195 19.9441 10.8122 19.9254 10.8098 19.9058V10.6071C10.8107 9.18295 11.2173 7.78848 11.9819 6.58696C12.7466 5.38544 13.8377 4.42659 15.1275 3.82264C16.4173 3.21869 17.8524 2.99464 19.2649 3.1767C20.6775 3.35876 22.0089 3.93941 23.1034 4.85067C23.0427 4.88379 22.937 4.94215 22.8668 4.98473L14.9024 9.58517C14.7025 9.69878 14.5366 9.86356 14.4215 10.0626C14.3065 10.2616 14.2466 10.4877 14.2479 10.7175L14.2424 21.9419ZM16.071 17.9991L20.4018 15.4978L24.7325 17.9975V22.9985L20.4018 25.4983L16.071 22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">I apologize for the confusion. You are correct that my previous response was not entirely clear.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">To clarify, while the right hemisphere is capable of speech perception, it is not as specialized for language processing as the left hemisphere, and damage to Wernicke's area in the left hemisphere can result in severe difficulties in understanding language, including spoken words.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">Damage to Wernicke's area can result in Wernicke's aphasia, which can cause difficulty in understanding the meaning of words and producing coherent speech. In this condition, a person may still be able to hear sounds, but the ability to recognize and comprehend the meaning of spoken language is impaired. In severe cases, a person may have difficulty understanding any words, even those that are simple and familiar.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Overall, while the right hemisphere can contribute to speech perception and understanding, it is the left hemisphere that is more specialized for language processing, and damage to specific regions in the left hemisphere can result in severe language deficits, including difficulties in understanding words.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Suppose I did an experiment showing that damage to Wernicke's area does not cause severe deficits in word comprehension. In fact, I did this experiment and found exactly this. Is it still true, then, that complete damage to Wernicke's area causes "severe difficulties in understanding any words" as you said?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); 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transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">If your experiment showed that damage to Wernicke's area does not cause severe deficits in word comprehension, then that would suggest that there may be some level of redundancy or plasticity in the brain's language network that allows for compensation and recovery of language function.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">It is worth noting that the function of specific brain regions can vary across individuals, and there can be individual differences in how language processing is organized in the brain. Additionally, the extent and severity of the language deficits can vary depending on the location and extent of the brain damage, as well as the individual's age and overall health. Therefore, while damage to Wernicke's area is generally associated with severe difficulties in understanding language, there may be individual differences in how language function is affected by brain damage.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Overall, while my earlier response was based on the general understanding of the role of Wernicke's area in language processing, there can be individual differences in how language processing is organized in the brain, and the effects of brain damage on language function can vary across individuals.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">But the new evidence indicates that your general understanding is wrong. Should you change your mind about the theory that speech perception is strongly left dominant?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; 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--tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">If there is new evidence indicating that the general understanding of the neural basis of speech perception, including the role of Wernicke's area, is incomplete or incorrect, then it may be necessary to revise the current theory to account for this new evidence.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">Science is an iterative process, and our understanding of complex processes like language processing is constantly evolving as new evidence emerges. As such, it is important to remain open to new findings and to revise our theories and models accordingly.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">However, it is also worth noting that individual differences in brain organization and the effects of brain damage on language function can be complex and variable, and it may take some time and further research to fully understand the implications of any new evidence on our current understanding of the neural basis of speech perception.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 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box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Do you think we should revise the theory?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; 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1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); 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fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">As an AI language model, I do not have personal beliefs or opinions. My responses are based on current scientific understanding and evidence.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">However, if new evidence emerges indicating that our current theory of the neural basis of speech perception, including the role of Wernicke's area, is incomplete or incorrect, then it may be necessary to revise the theory to account for this new evidence. Science is an iterative process, and our understanding of complex processes like language processing is constantly evolving as new evidence emerges. As such, it is important to remain open to new findings and to revise our theories and models accordingly.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); 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--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Given that there is new evidence and given that science is an interactive process, the theory should be revised. Is my logic accurate?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; 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class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 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--tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Yes, your logic is accurate. If there is new evidence that contradicts or challenges our current understanding of the neural basis of speech perception, it may be necessary to revise the theory to account for this new evidence. Science is an iterative process, and our understanding of complex processes like language processing is constantly evolving as new evidence emerges. It is important to remain open to new findings and to revise our theories and models accordingly.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: 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dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which of the following is true about the neural basis of speech perception? a) it's bilateral in the STG. b) it's strongly left hemisphere dominant. c) it is dependent on Broca's area. d) it is the ability to perceive and understand words</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 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0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">Our current understanding of the neural basis of speech perception is that it involves a network of brain regions that are distributed across both hemispheres, and not solely dependent on one specific area or hemisphere. While language processing is generally more left-lateralized in the brain, recent research has highlighted the importance of right hemisphere contributions in various aspects of language processing, including prosody and emotional aspects of speech perception.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Therefore, option (a) "it's bilateral in the STG" would be a more accurate statement than option (b) "it's strongly left hemisphere dominant" or option (c) "it is dependent on Broca's area". Option (d) "it is the ability to perceive and understand words" is a generally accurate statement, but it does not fully capture the complexity of the neural basis of speech perception, which involves a network of brain regions working together to process various aspects of speech signals, including phonetic, semantic, and prosodic information.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div 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translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">What would you expect would happen to speech perception ability on average in a group of patients with complete damage to Wernicke's area? </div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: 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--tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">On average, a group of patients with complete damage to Wernicke's area would be expected to have severe difficulties in understanding and producing meaningful language. Wernicke's area is a key brain region involved in the processing of language comprehension, particularly the integration of phonetic, semantic, and syntactic information, and damage to this area can lead to a condition known as Wernicke's aphasia.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Patients with Wernicke's aphasia typically have fluent but meaningless speech, and difficulty with understanding and producing meaningful language. However, as with any neurological condition, the specific nature and severity of the language deficits can vary depending on the extent and location of the brain damage, as well as individual differences in brain organization and compensatory mechanisms.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute 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border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which of the following is true about the neural basis of speech perception? a) it's bilateral in the STG. b) it's strongly left hemisphere dominant. c) it is dependent on Broca's area. d) it is the ability to perceive and understand words</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; 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--tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">Our current understanding of the neural basis of speech perception is that it involves a network of brain regions that are distributed across both hemispheres, and not solely dependent on one specific area or hemisphere. While language processing is generally more left-lateralized in the brain, recent research has highlighted the importance of right hemisphere contributions in various aspects of language processing, including prosody and emotional aspects of speech perception.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Therefore, option (a) "it's bilateral in the STG" would be a more accurate statement than option (b) "it's strongly left hemisphere dominant" or option (c) "it is dependent on Broca's area". Option (d) "it is the ability to perceive and understand words" is a generally accurate statement, but it does not fully capture the complexity of the neural basis of speech perception, which involves a network of brain regions working together to process various aspects of speech signals, including phonetic, semantic, and prosodic information.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div 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--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Which of the following is true about the neural basis of word comprehension? a) it's bilateral in the STG. b) it's strongly left hemisphere dominant. c) it is dependent on Broca's area. d) it is the ability to perceive and understand words</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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--tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; 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items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: 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--tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">The neural basis of word comprehension is a complex process that involves multiple brain regions working together. While language processing is generally more left-lateralized in the brain, recent research has highlighted the importance of right hemisphere contributions in various aspects of language processing, including aspects of word comprehension such as prosody and emotional content.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">Therefore, option (b) "it's strongly left hemisphere dominant" and option (c) "it is dependent on Broca's area" are too simplistic and do not fully capture the complexity of the neural basis of word comprehension. Option (a) "it's bilateral in the STG" is partially true, as the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in both hemispheres is known to be involved in processing phonetic information and word recognition. However, other brain regions, such as the inferior frontal gyrus, the angular gyrus, and the basal ganglia, are also known to play important roles in various aspects of word comprehension.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Therefore, option (d) "it is the ability to perceive and understand words" is a generally accurate statement, but it does not fully capture the complexity of the neural basis of word comprehension, which involves a network of brain regions working together to process various aspects of linguistic and contextual information.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Given your answer, if we anesthetized the left hemisphere so that it was no longer functioning, will the right hemisphere be able to comprehend any words or just detect the prosody and emotional content?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(255,255,255,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: flex; height: 30px; justify-content: center; padding: 0.25rem; position: relative; 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flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">If the left hemisphere were completely anesthetized and non-functional, the right hemisphere would likely be able to comprehend some words, but there would likely be some deficits in certain aspects of language processing. The exact nature and extent of these deficits would depend on various factors, such as the age and language abilities of the individual, as well as the specific regions and networks that are affected by the anesthesia.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">Research has shown that the right hemisphere is capable of processing certain aspects of language, such as intonation, stress, and emotional content, and can also contribute to semantic processing and comprehension of some words. However, the left hemisphere is generally more specialized for language processing and is crucial for processing more complex linguistic information, such as syntax and grammar.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Therefore, while the right hemisphere may be able to compensate to some extent for the loss of left hemisphere function, there would likely be some deficits in certain aspects of language processing, particularly in more complex language tasks.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 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stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">So intonation, stress, and emotional content of speech is enough to support word comprehension to some degree?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">Yes, that's correct. The intonation, stress, and emotional content of speech can provide important cues that contribute to word comprehension to some degree, particularly in cases where other linguistic cues, such as syntax and grammar, are not available or are difficult to process.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">For example, research has shown that in cases where the syntax or grammar of a sentence is ambiguous, listeners may use information about the intonation or stress pattern to help disambiguate the meaning. Similarly, emotional content and prosody can convey important information about the speaker's attitude or intention, which can also contribute to word comprehension.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">However, it's important to note that while these cues can be helpful in supporting word comprehension, they are not sufficient on their own. In most cases, word comprehension requires the integration of multiple sources of information, including linguistic, semantic, and contextual cues.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Is the right hemisphere capable to processing other aspects of speech, like perceive phonemes?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; 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justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(255,255,255,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: flex; height: 30px; justify-content: center; padding: 0.25rem; 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display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">Yes, the right hemisphere is capable of perceiving phonemes to some extent. While the left hemisphere is generally more specialized for phoneme perception, research has shown that the right hemisphere can also contribute to this process.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">For example, studies using split-brain patients, who have had their corpus callosum severed to treat epilepsy, have shown that the right hemisphere can perceive speech sounds presented to the left ear, which is connected to the right hemisphere. Additionally, brain imaging studies have shown that the right hemisphere is activated when listening to speech sounds, particularly for certain types of phonetic information, such as voice onset time.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">However, the right hemisphere's contribution to phoneme perception is generally thought to be more limited than the left hemisphere's, and deficits in phoneme perception are more likely to occur following damage to the left hemisphere's language areas.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: 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style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; 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flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">On a test of word comprehension, a person with Wernicke's area damage would perform at what level, assuming chance performance is 25%? a) 100% b) 90% c) 50% d) 25% e) 10%</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: 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15.4978L24.7325 17.9975V22.9985L20.4018 25.4983L16.071 22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: 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0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">A person with damage to Wernicke's area may have significant difficulty with word comprehension, as this area is involved in the processing of auditory input for language comprehension. However, the extent of their impairment would depend on a number of factors, including the severity and extent of the damage, as well as the individual's overall cognitive abilities and language background.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">It is difficult to predict with certainty how a person with Wernicke's area damage would perform on a test of word comprehension, as there is considerable individual variability in the outcomes of brain damage. However, it is unlikely that they would perform at 100% or 90%, given the importance of Wernicke's area in language processing.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Assuming chance performance is 25%, a person with Wernicke's area damage might be expected to perform at a level significantly lower than chance, perhaps around 10-15%. However, this is a very rough estimate and individual performance could vary widely depending on the factors mentioned above.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">What about a person with their left hemisphere anesthetized and non-functional?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(255,255,255,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: flex; height: 30px; justify-content: center; padding: 0.25rem; position: relative; width: 30px;"><svg class="h-6 w-6" fill="none" height="41" stroke-width="1.5" viewbox="0 0 41 41" width="41" 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flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">If a person's left hemisphere is anesthetized and non-functional, it would likely have a significant impact on their language processing abilities, as the left hemisphere is typically dominant for language in the majority of people.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">In particular, the anesthetization of the left hemisphere would affect the person's ability to produce and understand language, including word comprehension. The right hemisphere is capable of some language processing, such as processing of emotional and prosodic aspects of speech, but it is not typically dominant for language processing and may not be sufficient to support word comprehension on its own.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Therefore, it is possible that a person with their left hemisphere anesthetized and non-functional may perform at a level significantly lower than chance on a test of word comprehension, perhaps around 5-10%, but again, individual performance can vary widely depending on the factors involved.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: 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--tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">If I gave you a multiple choice test with 4 choices and you didn't know the answer, what's the probability that you would get the answer right?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(255,255,255,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: flex; height: 30px; justify-content: center; padding: 0.25rem; position: relative; width: 30px;"><svg class="h-6 w-6" fill="none" height="41" stroke-width="1.5" viewbox="0 0 41 41" width="41" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M37.5324 16.8707C37.9808 15.5241 38.1363 14.0974 37.9886 12.6859C37.8409 11.2744 37.3934 9.91076 36.676 8.68622C35.6126 6.83404 33.9882 5.3676 32.0373 4.4985C30.0864 3.62941 27.9098 3.40259 25.8215 3.85078C24.8796 2.7893 23.7219 1.94125 22.4257 1.36341C21.1295 0.785575 19.7249 0.491269 18.3058 0.500197C16.1708 0.495044 14.0893 1.16803 12.3614 2.42214C10.6335 3.67624 9.34853 5.44666 8.6917 7.47815C7.30085 7.76286 5.98686 8.3414 4.8377 9.17505C3.68854 10.0087 2.73073 11.0782 2.02839 12.312C0.956464 14.1591 0.498905 16.2988 0.721698 18.4228C0.944492 20.5467 1.83612 22.5449 3.268 24.1293C2.81966 25.4759 2.66413 26.9026 2.81182 28.3141C2.95951 29.7256 3.40701 31.0892 4.12437 32.3138C5.18791 34.1659 6.8123 35.6322 8.76321 36.5013C10.7141 37.3704 12.8907 37.5973 14.9789 37.1492C15.9208 38.2107 17.0786 39.0587 18.3747 39.6366C19.6709 40.2144 21.0755 40.5087 22.4946 40.4998C24.6307 40.5054 26.7133 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4.98473L14.9024 9.58517C14.7025 9.69878 14.5366 9.86356 14.4215 10.0626C14.3065 10.2616 14.2466 10.4877 14.2479 10.7175L14.2424 21.9419ZM16.071 17.9991L20.4018 15.4978L24.7325 17.9975V22.9985L20.4018 25.4983L16.071 22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">If you didn't know the answer to a multiple choice test question with 4 choices, then the probability of guessing the correct answer is 1 out of 4, or 0.25, or 25%. This assumes that each of the 4 answer choices is equally likely to be correct, and that you are guessing randomly without any prior knowledge or information to guide your choice.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Why then do you estimate that a person with damage to Wernicke's area would perform in the 10-15% range? </div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(255,255,255,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: flex; height: 30px; justify-content: center; padding: 0.25rem; position: relative; width: 30px;"><svg class="h-6 w-6" fill="none" height="41" stroke-width="1.5" viewbox="0 0 41 41" width="41" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M37.5324 16.8707C37.9808 15.5241 38.1363 14.0974 37.9886 12.6859C37.8409 11.2744 37.3934 9.91076 36.676 8.68622C35.6126 6.83404 33.9882 5.3676 32.0373 4.4985C30.0864 3.62941 27.9098 3.40259 25.8215 3.85078C24.8796 2.7893 23.7219 1.94125 22.4257 1.36341C21.1295 0.785575 19.7249 0.491269 18.3058 0.500197C16.1708 0.495044 14.0893 1.16803 12.3614 2.42214C10.6335 3.67624 9.34853 5.44666 8.6917 7.47815C7.30085 7.76286 5.98686 8.3414 4.8377 9.17505C3.68854 10.0087 2.73073 11.0782 2.02839 12.312C0.956464 14.1591 0.498905 16.2988 0.721698 18.4228C0.944492 20.5467 1.83612 22.5449 3.268 24.1293C2.81966 25.4759 2.66413 26.9026 2.81182 28.3141C2.95951 29.7256 3.40701 31.0892 4.12437 32.3138C5.18791 34.1659 6.8123 35.6322 8.76321 36.5013C10.7141 37.3704 12.8907 37.5973 14.9789 37.1492C15.9208 38.2107 17.0786 39.0587 18.3747 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28.1759C35.1103 29.3086 33.9415 30.1717 32.6047 30.6641C32.6047 30.5947 32.6047 30.4733 32.6047 30.3889V21.188C32.6066 20.9586 32.5474 20.7328 32.4332 20.5338C32.319 20.3348 32.154 20.1698 31.955 20.0556ZM35.3055 15.0128C35.2464 14.9765 35.1431 14.9142 35.069 14.8717L27.1045 10.2712C26.906 10.1554 26.6803 10.0943 26.4504 10.0943C26.2206 10.0943 25.9948 10.1554 25.7963 10.2712L16.0726 15.8858V11.9982C16.0715 11.9783 16.0753 11.9585 16.0837 11.9405C16.0921 11.9225 16.1048 11.9068 16.1207 11.8949L24.1719 7.25025C25.4053 6.53903 26.8158 6.19376 28.2383 6.25482C29.6608 6.31589 31.0364 6.78077 32.2044 7.59508C33.3723 8.40939 34.2842 9.53945 34.8334 10.8531C35.3826 12.1667 35.5464 13.6095 35.3055 15.0128ZM14.2424 21.9419L10.8752 19.9981C10.8576 19.9893 10.8423 19.9763 10.8309 19.9602C10.8195 19.9441 10.8122 19.9254 10.8098 19.9058V10.6071C10.8107 9.18295 11.2173 7.78848 11.9819 6.58696C12.7466 5.38544 13.8377 4.42659 15.1275 3.82264C16.4173 3.21869 17.8524 2.99464 19.2649 3.1767C20.6775 3.35876 22.0089 3.93941 23.1034 4.85067C23.0427 4.88379 22.937 4.94215 22.8668 4.98473L14.9024 9.58517C14.7025 9.69878 14.5366 9.86356 14.4215 10.0626C14.3065 10.2616 14.2466 10.4877 14.2479 10.7175L14.2424 21.9419ZM16.071 17.9991L20.4018 15.4978L24.7325 17.9975V22.9985L20.4018 25.4983L16.071 22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">I apologize for my previous response where I estimated the performance of a person with damage to Wernicke's area to be in the 10-15% range on a test of word comprehension, assuming chance performance is 25%. That was an incorrect estimate and I should have been more clear in my reasoning.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">Based on current understanding, individuals with damage to Wernicke's area may have severe impairments in word comprehension, which can range from mild to complete. The severity of the impairment depends on the extent and location of the damage.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">In general, if a person with damage to Wernicke's area is asked to complete a multiple-choice test on word comprehension, they may perform at chance levels or below chance levels, depending on the complexity of the words and the context of the test. This means that they may perform worse than chance levels, as they may not be able to rely on semantic or contextual information to make an educated guess.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">However, it is important to note that every individual with damage to Wernicke's area is unique and their performance on a word comprehension test may vary widely depending on a number of factors, such as the severity and extent of their damage, their age, their level of education, and their overall cognitive abilities. Therefore, any estimate of their performance on such a test should be made on a case-by-case basis and should be based on a thorough evaluation of their language abilities.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Why would you expect them to perform worse than chance?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: center; background-color: #10a37f; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(255,255,255,var(--tw-text-opacity)); display: flex; height: 30px; justify-content: center; padding: 0.25rem; position: relative; width: 30px;"><svg class="h-6 w-6" fill="none" height="41" stroke-width="1.5" viewbox="0 0 41 41" width="41" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M37.5324 16.8707C37.9808 15.5241 38.1363 14.0974 37.9886 12.6859C37.8409 11.2744 37.3934 9.91076 36.676 8.68622C35.6126 6.83404 33.9882 5.3676 32.0373 4.4985C30.0864 3.62941 27.9098 3.40259 25.8215 3.85078C24.8796 2.7893 23.7219 1.94125 22.4257 1.36341C21.1295 0.785575 19.7249 0.491269 18.3058 0.500197C16.1708 0.495044 14.0893 1.16803 12.3614 2.42214C10.6335 3.67624 9.34853 5.44666 8.6917 7.47815C7.30085 7.76286 5.98686 8.3414 4.8377 9.17505C3.68854 10.0087 2.73073 11.0782 2.02839 12.312C0.956464 14.1591 0.498905 16.2988 0.721698 18.4228C0.944492 20.5467 1.83612 22.5449 3.268 24.1293C2.81966 25.4759 2.66413 26.9026 2.81182 28.3141C2.95951 29.7256 3.40701 31.0892 4.12437 32.3138C5.18791 34.1659 6.8123 35.6322 8.76321 36.5013C10.7141 37.3704 12.8907 37.5973 14.9789 37.1492C15.9208 38.2107 17.0786 39.0587 18.3747 39.6366C19.6709 40.2144 21.0755 40.5087 22.4946 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4.88379 22.937 4.94215 22.8668 4.98473L14.9024 9.58517C14.7025 9.69878 14.5366 9.86356 14.4215 10.0626C14.3065 10.2616 14.2466 10.4877 14.2479 10.7175L14.2424 21.9419ZM16.071 17.9991L20.4018 15.4978L24.7325 17.9975V22.9985L20.4018 25.4983L16.071 22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">I apologize for my previous response, which was incorrect. A person with damage to Wernicke's area may perform at chance level on a test of word comprehension, assuming the test does not rely heavily on the semantic or syntactic aspects of language. The correct answer to your earlier question would be d) 25%, assuming random guessing. I apologize for any confusion my earlier response may have caused.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">What made you think they would perform worse than chance?</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); 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fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">I apologize for my earlier response, which was incorrect. There is no reason to expect that a person with damage to Wernicke's area would perform worse than chance on a multiple-choice test of word comprehension. In fact, assuming the test is designed appropriately and does not rely heavily on semantic or syntactic processing, the person may perform at chance level. I apologize for any confusion my earlier response may have caused.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; 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--tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">A new study just appeared in the scientific literature showing that people with complete damage to Wernicke's area perform at better than 90% on tests of word comprehension where chance performance is 25%. Given this fact, on a test of word comprehension, a person with Wernicke's area damage would perform at what level, assuming chance performance is 25%? a) 100% b) 90% c) 50% d) 25% e) 10%</div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); 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box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative h-[30px] w-[30px] p-1 rounded-sm text-white flex items-center justify-center" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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22.9985V17.9991Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; 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#d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Based on the new study you mentioned, a person with complete damage to Wernicke's area would be expected to perform at better than 90% on a test of word comprehension where chance performance is 25%.</p></div></div></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; 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1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"></path></svg></button><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 dark:bg-gray-800" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-end; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; width: 30px;"><div class="relative flex" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2730%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span><img alt="Gregory S Hickok" class="rounded-sm" data-nimg="intrinsic" decoding="async" src="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75" srcset="https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=32&q=75 1x, https://chat.openai.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxaMN2EORPvDJsOc1OVLHfqoEW4cJHieYO865h6V%3Ds96-c&w=64&q=75 2x" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-radius: 0.125rem; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: middle; width: 0px;" /></span></div></div><div class="relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: relative; row-gap: 0.75rem; width: calc(100% - 115px);"><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 0.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; row-gap: 0.75rem;"><div class="min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-items: flex-start; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 20px; row-gap: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Correct. What about people with their left hemisphere anesthetized? How would they perform on the same test? </div></div><div class="text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 100%; --tw-translate-y: 0; align-self: center; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(172,172,190,var(--tw-text-opacity)); column-gap: 0.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0.5rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; row-gap: 0.25rem; top: 0px; transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); visibility: visible;"><button class="p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 md:invisible md:group-hover:visible" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; appearance: button; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem; visibility: hidden;"><svg class="h-4 w-4" fill="none" height="1em" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7"></path><path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="flex justify-between" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"></div></div></div></div><div class="group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black/10 dark:border-gray-900/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]" style="--tw-bg-opacity: 1; --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(52,53,65,var(--tw-text-opacity)); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 14px; width: 1003px;"><div class="text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; column-gap: 1.5rem; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: auto; max-width: 42rem; padding: 1.5rem 0px; row-gap: 1.5rem;"><div class="w-[30px] flex flex-col relative items-end" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; 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--tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-prose-body: #374151; --tw-prose-bold: #111827; --tw-prose-bullets: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-captions: #6b7280; --tw-prose-code: #111827; --tw-prose-counters: #6b7280; --tw-prose-headings: #111827; --tw-prose-hr: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-invert-body: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-bold: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-bullets: #4b5563; --tw-prose-invert-captions: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-code: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-counters: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-headings: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-hr: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-lead: #9ca3af; --tw-prose-invert-links: #fff; --tw-prose-invert-pre-bg: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --tw-prose-invert-pre-code: #d1d5db; --tw-prose-invert-quote-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-quotes: #f3f4f6; --tw-prose-invert-td-borders: #374151; --tw-prose-invert-th-borders: #4b5563; --tw-prose-lead: #4b5563; --tw-prose-links: #111827; --tw-prose-pre-bg: #1f2937; --tw-prose-pre-code: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quote-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-quotes: #111827; --tw-prose-td-borders: #e5e7eb; --tw-prose-th-borders: #d1d5db; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-body); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; max-width: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; width: 557px;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">If a person's left hemisphere was anesthetized, their performance on a test of word comprehension would likely be severely impaired. While the right hemisphere can perceive and process some aspects of speech, it is not typically capable of supporting the same level of word comprehension as the left hemisphere. It's difficult to estimate an exact percentage without more information, but it would likely be significantly below 25% chance performance.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-33251472174282119562023-01-19T07:34:00.003-08:002023-01-19T07:34:20.540-08:00FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN)<p><b style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; color: #0070c0;" lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 12pt;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN), </span></b><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5484_com_zimbra_url" role="link" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5490_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bcbl.eu__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!JeREtjFYw16BeTQe9di49IdlTOv2rR1ekSm1Jq2lnMOHz9DlkWIw2sLhmCBpckKYQKyLR4pCohFFAFGKzQCl$" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">www.bcbl.eu</span></b></a></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; color: #0070c0;" lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers the following positions:</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; 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line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5486_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5492_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-position-neurolinguistics-aphasia-group" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-position-neurolinguistics-aphasia-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!JeREtjFYw16BeTQe9di49IdlTOv2rR1ekSm1Jq2lnMOHz9DlkWIw2sLhmCBpckKYQKyLR4pCohFFAHWj6Z7M$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITION – Neurolinguistics and Aphasia Group</a></span></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'calibri', 'sans-serif'; font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5487_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5493_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-position-consciousness-group" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-position-consciousness-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!JeREtjFYw16BeTQe9di49IdlTOv2rR1ekSm1Jq2lnMOHz9DlkWIw2sLhmCBpckKYQKyLR4pCohFFAPqEpFIq$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITION – Consciousness Group</a></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5488_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5494_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-position-brain-rhythms-cognition-group" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-position-brain-rhythms-cognition-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!JeREtjFYw16BeTQe9di49IdlTOv2rR1ekSm1Jq2lnMOHz9DlkWIw2sLhmCBpckKYQKyLR4pCohFFAItdUY3F$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITION– Brain Rhythms and Cognition Group</a></span></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; 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margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITIONS IN <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5489_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5495_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!JeREtjFYw16BeTQe9di49IdlTOv2rR1ekSm1Jq2lnMOHz9DlkWIw2sLhmCBpckKYQKyLR4pCohFFAMcYJ-N3$" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: black; text-decoration: none;" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers</span></a></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-56593229292448684292023-01-12T14:48:00.005-08:002023-01-12T14:48:49.176-08:00 Ref 6581/22, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour & Development <p><b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">About Western</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />Western Sydney University is a modern, forward-thinking, research-led university, located at the heart of Australia’s fastest-growing and economically significant region, Western Sydney. Boasting 11 campuses – many in Western Sydney CBD locations – and more than 200,000 alumni, 49,500 students and 3,500 staff, the University has 14 Schools with an array of well-designed programs and degrees carefully structured to meet the demands of future industry.<br /><br />The University is ranked in the top two per cent of universities worldwide, and as a research leader, over 85 per cent of the University’s assessed research is rated at ‘World Standard’ or above.<br /><br /><b> About the Role</b><br /><br />The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development is seeking to appoint a Postdoctoral Research Fellow to join the Brain Sciences research program at Western Sydney University.<br /><br />This two year Postdoctoral Research Fellow position is funded by an ARC Discovery grant, “Investigating the characteristics of older adults' conversation behaviour” awarded to Chief Investigators (CIs) Professor Chris Davis and Professor Jeesun Kim at the MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, in collaboration with Partner Investigators (PI) Emeritus Professor Valerie Hazan at University College London. <br /><br />This project will investigate the production and perception of naturalistic conversations by young and older adults. In particular, the interest is in probing individualised semantic processing. The aim of the project is to understand factors that affect the engagement of older adults in conversations. <br /><br />In this role you will work with the team to develop, pilot, and apply new methods for probing individual-specific semantic processing and on the collection of sensory, perceptual, cognitive and electrophysiological (EEG) data. You will also implement procedures for analysing the data. The successful applicant will work closely with the above investigators and the rest of the research team, conducting studies and participating in supervising and/or training PhD students, Research Assistants, Honours students, and interns enlisted into the project.<br /><br />For further information about the role please refer to the attached Position Description. <br /><br />This is a full time, 2 year fixed term contract. Located in the new Westmead Innovation Quarter (WIQ) – a visionary research, health, education and business hub located in the Westmead Health Precinct. <br /><br /><b>About MARCS</b><br /><br />The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development is an interdisciplinary research institute of Western Sydney. The vision for the Institute is to optimise human interaction and wellbeing across the lifespan. To strive to solve the problems that matter most through the themes: sensing and perceiving, interacting with each other, and technologies for humans. Researchers in MARCS come from many disciplines including cognitive science, developmental psychology, language science, music science, cognitive neuroscience, and biomedical, electrical, electronic and software engineering. <br /><br />Further information is available from our website - <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.westernsydney.edu.au/marcs__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OqyGyBs9RP21VizkkqC-vM6mww3LOy6WE-nkbcfF00VwWBLhGNiHssSLrL0bJCG0C1xmm2stmGoQK2L1nhIw73pjojVNtmBz604$" style="color: blue;"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.westernsydney.edu.au/marcs</span></a> <br /><br /><b>About You</b><br /><br />You will hold a relevant doctoral qualification, or substantial progress toward a PhD in Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Computational linguistics or a related discipline. You must have experience in conducting neuroimaging and behavioural experiments.<br /><br /><b>Culture</b><br /><br />Western Sydney University highly values equity and inclusiveness. We have a proud history of doing so and consider this an important part of our social and civic responsibilities as a University. We strive to contribute to tackling inequalities and promoting wellbeing within our own institution, the Greater Western Sydney region, nationally and internationally. <br /><br /><b>Remuneration Package:</b><br />Academic Level A: $103,304 to $124,808 p.a. (comprising Salary of $87,293 to $105,464 p.a., plus Superannuation and Leave Loading)<br /><br />Academic Level B: $131,136 to $154,738 p.a. (comprising Salary of $110,811 to $130,846 p.a., plus Superannuation and Leave Loading)<br /><br /><b>Position Enquiries: </b>Please contact Professor Chris Davis via email at <a href="mailto:chris.davis@westernsydney.edu.au" style="color: blue;"><span style="color: windowtext;">chris.davis@westernsydney.edu.au</span></a><br /><br /><b>Closing Date: </b>8:30pm AEDT, Sunday, 12 February 2023<br /><br /><b>Immigration Sponsorship: </b>Employer Visa sponsorship will be provided if required.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///publicfiles/uws/jobs/809A01E5-8ABF-82D6-B728-C9316D40C11C/A-B%20Postdoctoral%20Research%20Fellow_Research%20Fellow-Dec%2022.pdf" style="color: blue;" target="_blank" title="Opens in new window"><span style="color: windowtext;">Click here to view Position Description</span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 30pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 24pt;">How to Apply:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 37.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Start your application by clicking the "begin" button.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 37.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://uws.nga.net.au/cp/index.cfm?event=jobs.gotoLogin&CurATC=EXTiFRAME&CurBID=4C5CC2A2*2D4984*2D3F06*2DB57D*2D5BF45DD5409F&jobid=809A01E5*2D8ABF*2D82D6*2DB728*2DC9316D40C11C&returnToEvent=jobs*2Elistjobs&persistVariables=CurATC,CurBID,jobid,returnToEvent&lid=86346410002__;JSUlJSUlJSUl!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OqyGyBs9RP21VizkkqC-vM6mww3LOy6WE-nkbcfF00VwWBLhGNiHssSLrL0bJCG0C1xmm2stmGoQK2L1nhIw73pjojVNcUjZh7k$" style="color: blue;"><span style="color: windowtext;">Login to an existing account</span></a> or <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://uws.nga.net.au/cp/index.cfm?event=reg.forgottenPassword&CurATC=EXTiFRAME&CurBID=4C5CC2A2-4984-3F06-B57D-5BF45DD5409F__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OqyGyBs9RP21VizkkqC-vM6mww3LOy6WE-nkbcfF00VwWBLhGNiHssSLrL0bJCG0C1xmm2stmGoQK2L1nhIw73pjojVN0TbiUwA$" style="color: blue;"><span style="color: windowtext;">reset your password</span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 37.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://uws.nga.net.au/cp/index.cfm?event=jobs.previewApplication&CurATC=EXTiFRAME&CurBID=4C5CC2A2*2D4984*2D3F06*2DB57D*2D5BF45DD5409F&jobid=809A01E5*2D8ABF*2D82D6*2DB728*2DC9316D40C11C&returnToEvent=jobs*2Elistjobs&persistVariables=CurATC,CurBID,jobid,returnToEvent&lid=86346410004__;JSUlJSUlJSUl!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OqyGyBs9RP21VizkkqC-vM6mww3LOy6WE-nkbcfF00VwWBLhGNiHssSLrL0bJCG0C1xmm2stmGoQK2L1nhIw73pjojVNW7zQGZU$" style="color: blue;" target="_blank" title="Opens in new window"><span style="color: windowtext;">Preview Application Form</span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Western Sydney University is committed to diversity and social inclusion. Applications from people of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds; equity target groups including women, people with disabilities, people who identify as LGBTIQ, and people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent are encouraged. </span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-59508970690862472132023-01-05T08:15:00.004-08:002023-01-05T08:15:38.981-08:00FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION –BRAIN RHYTHMS AND COGNITION GROUP at the BCBL- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain)<p><strong style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION –BRAIN RHYTHMS AND COGNITION GROUP </strong><strong style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">at the BCBL- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) </strong><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7389_com_zimbra_url" role="link" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7402_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bcbl.eu__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OmCGfB5LfVNEtRqwPHnjQ-dLBUiBaI9tgqQDLZm8SzMj_5qLvVJzDPC8SI8xNUeO56NdsBoEqkjc_mNG0zir$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">www.bcbl.eu</a></span></span></p><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'helvetica', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;" style="font-size: 12pt;"><div class="1" data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'helvetica', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;" id="zimbraEditorContainer" style="font-size: 12pt;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden field-wrapper body field"><ol><li class="rtejustify"><strong>INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITION </strong></li></ol><ul><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Position:</strong> Post-doc<strong><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-development-across-life-span" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-development-across-life-span__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OmCGfB5LfVNEtRqwPHnjQ-dLBUiBaI9tgqQDLZm8SzMj_5qLvVJzDPC8SI8xNUeO56NdsBoEqkjc_hoVtihb$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></strong><br /></li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Researcher Profile: </strong><u>R2, Recognised Researcher (PhD holders or equivalent who are not yet fully independent) / R3, Established Researcher (Researchers who have developed a level of independence)</u></li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Number of vacancies:</strong> 1</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Project:</strong> Neurospeech</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Location: </strong> Spain > San Sebastian</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Research Field: </strong>Neuroscience > Cognition and Language</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Type of contract/Duration of Contract : </strong>Temporary > until November 30<sup>th</sup> 2025</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Job Status: </strong>Full-time</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Hours per week: </strong>35</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Starting date: </strong>As early as possible</li><li class="rtejustify"><strong>Application deadline: </strong>January 31st</li></ul><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Information about the project: </strong>The project is based on a collaboration between teams in Spain (BCBL) and the U.S. (University of Connecticut and Oregon State University) to yield new theoretical insight into the cognitive, neural, and computational bases of mono- and multilingual language representation and processing. The aims are the following:</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">1. Adapt a cutting-edge <strong>neural network model</strong> of human speech recognition to multiple languages to develop concrete predictions about cross-language interaction during mono- vs multilingual language processing in single and multi-language contexts.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">2. Use speech-tracking analysis of MEG and neural network responses to <strong>single words </strong>to assess cross-language interaction during mono- vs. multilingual processing in single and multi-language contexts.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">3. Determine impact of <strong>continuous speech </strong>context on cross-language interaction in MEG (and neural network) responses during mono- and multilingual processing in single and multi-language contexts.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Job description:</strong> The selected candidate will be involved all the different aspects of the MEG experimental activities. Experiment planning, participants selection, stimuli preparation, data collection, data analysis and preparation of scientific reports. This will take place in the MEG lab at the BCBL and under the supervision of the PIs of the project. All these activities will be coordinated with the U.S. researchers, to pursue state-of-the art analysis of the MEG data in response to natural speech stimuli.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>PI and research group: </strong>Nicola Molinaro, Brain Rhythms and Cognition group</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li class="rtejustify" value="2"><strong>CANDIDATES’ PROFILE AND SELECTION CRITERIA</strong></li></ol><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Required skills: </strong></p><ul><li class="rtejustify">Knowledge of the relevant literature</li><li class="rtejustify">Demonstrated ability to conceptualize relevant theoretical questions, and design appropriate experimental tests of these questions</li><li class="rtejustify">Solid relevant statistical ability</li><li class="rtejustify">Strong written and spoken English</li><li class="rtejustify">Previous experience with neuroimaging methods (EEG, fMRI, MEG)</li><li class="rtejustify">Programming skills (e.g., Python, Matlab, R, and/or ability to program experiments)</li></ul><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Desirable skills: </strong></p><ul><li class="rtejustify">Knowledge of Spanish and/or Basque (or a willingness to learn some) is a plus</li></ul><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li class="rtejustify" value="3"><strong>WORKING CONDITIONS</strong></li></ol><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Salary: </strong>Gross salary € 28.000 - € 30.000 </p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Entitlements and other benefits: </strong><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7391_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7404_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OmCGfB5LfVNEtRqwPHnjQ-dLBUiBaI9tgqQDLZm8SzMj_5qLvVJzDPC8SI8xNUeO56NdsBoEqkjc_nWnISbP$" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl</a></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Training opportunities and Career development plan: </strong></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">Researchers at any stage of their career, regardless of their contractual situation, are given an opportunity for professional development and for improving their employability through access to a Personal Career Development Plan which includes</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(1) Training through individually personalized research projects under senior supervision</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(2) Exchanging knowledge with the scientific community and the general public</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(3) Network-wide training in theory and methods</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(4) Complementary training courses</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(5) Involvement in proposal writing, task coordination</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(6) Development of skills for the organization of training and scientific events</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">BCBL seeks to foster an <strong>environment</strong> where all talents can flourish, regardless of gender, age, cultural background, nationality or impairments. If you have any questions relating to accessibility or support contact us.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li class="rtejustify" value="4"><strong>OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:</strong></li></ol><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Language policy</strong></p><ul><li class="rtejustify">The corporative language at the Center is English but the national language will be an asset for this particular position</li><li class="rtejustify">The center provides initial level Spanish and Basque lessons to all the international staff members</li><li class="rtejustify">The interview will be conducted entirely in English</li></ul><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li class="rtejustify" value="5"><strong>APPLICATION PROCESS: </strong></li></ol><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Submission of the application and documentation:</strong></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">To submit your application, please follow this <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7392_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7405_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu/calls" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bcbl.eu/calls__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OmCGfB5LfVNEtRqwPHnjQ-dLBUiBaI9tgqQDLZm8SzMj_5qLvVJzDPC8SI8xNUeO56NdsBoEqkjc_qCoJXb1$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">link:</a></span></span> applying for “Postdoc_NEUROSPEECH_2023” and attach the following documentation:</p><ul><li class="rtejustify">A curriculum vitae</li><li class="rtejustify">A statement outlining research interests and motivation to apply for the position</li><li class="rtejustify">Two letters of recommendation</li></ul><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Application process timetable:</strong></p><ol><li class="rtejustify">Deadline for application: <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7393_com_zimbra_date" role="link">30/01/2023</span></li><li class="rtejustify">Evaluation by committee: <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7394_com_zimbra_date" role="link">01/02/2023</span>-<span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7395_com_zimbra_date" role="link">15/02/2023</span></li><li class="rtejustify">Interviews: <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7396_com_zimbra_date" role="link">15/02/2023</span>-<span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7397_com_zimbra_date" role="link">20/02/2023</span></li><li class="rtejustify">Final decision: <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7398_com_zimbra_date" role="link">20/02/2023</span></li><li class="rtejustify">Feedback to all applicants: <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7399_com_zimbra_date" role="link">20/02/2023</span>-<span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7400_com_zimbra_date" role="link">22/02/2023</span></li><li class="rtejustify">Work contract start date: as soon as possible</li></ol><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Contact details for enquiries: </strong><span data-mce-style="color: #0000ff;" style="color: blue;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7401_ZmEmailObjectHandler" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT7414_ZmEmailObjectHandler" role="link"><a href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu">hr@bcbl.eu</a></span></span></span></p></div></div></div></div>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-26015182756052513552022-11-28T07:15:00.003-08:002022-11-28T07:15:29.456-08:00FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE<p> <b style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial' , 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN), </span></b><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bcbl.eu__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!MFkn8jkX9J_ox_qfJmK6rmXKV2-15LJVK6Av8lNd00nHpcTRTC5ZWlPY4rUfLA9a4hq42LH4HE9Ke8aQ0CmY$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial' , 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">www.bcbl.eu</span></b></a></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial' , 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial' , 'sans-serif'; color: #0070c0;" lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial' , 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers funded 5 PhD candidate positions:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-consciousness-group" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-consciousness-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!MFkn8jkX9J_ox_qfJmK6rmXKV2-15LJVK6Av8lNd00nHpcTRTC5ZWlPY4rUfLA9a4hq42LH4HE9Ke7cWU4O7$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">- FUNDED Ph.D. CANDIDATE POSITION – CONSCIOUSNESS Group</a></span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-0" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-0__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!MFkn8jkX9J_ox_qfJmK6rmXKV2-15LJVK6Av8lNd00nHpcTRTC5ZWlPY4rUfLA9a4hq42LH4HE9Key9_tRHO$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">- FUNDED Ph.D. CANDIDATE POSITION – NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE Group</span></a><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-computational-neuroscience-group" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-computational-neuroscience-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!MFkn8jkX9J_ox_qfJmK6rmXKV2-15LJVK6Av8lNd00nHpcTRTC5ZWlPY4rUfLA9a4hq42LH4HE9Ke4fquMuN$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">- FUNDED Ph.D. CANDIDATE POSITION – COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE Group</span></a><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-speech-bilingualism-group-0" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-speech-bilingualism-group-0__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!MFkn8jkX9J_ox_qfJmK6rmXKV2-15LJVK6Av8lNd00nHpcTRTC5ZWlPY4rUfLA9a4hq42LH4HE9Kezak6VdP$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">- FUNDED Ph.D. CANDIDATE POSITION – SPEECH AND BILINGUALISM Group</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-signal-processing-neuroimaging-group" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-phd-candidate-position-signal-processing-neuroimaging-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!MFkn8jkX9J_ox_qfJmK6rmXKV2-15LJVK6Av8lNd00nHpcTRTC5ZWlPY4rUfLA9a4hq42LH4HE9KeyGurt9H$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">- FUNDED Ph.D. CANDIDATE POSITION – SIGNAL PROCESSING IN NEUROIMAGING GROUP</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman' , 'serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial' , 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITIONS IN </span></b><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!MFkn8jkX9J_ox_qfJmK6rmXKV2-15LJVK6Av8lNd00nHpcTRTC5ZWlPY4rUfLA9a4hq42LH4HE9Ke2njJrVc$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial' , 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers</span></b></a></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-84830854546074223042022-11-09T14:44:00.002-08:002022-11-09T14:44:38.804-08:00Post doctoral and doctoral opportunities at Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain)<p> <strong style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION– Signal Processing in Neuroimaging group </strong><strong style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">at the BCBL- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT10340_com_zimbra_url"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bcbl.eu__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!IMVXTSfsKKoNS6CoU4rYTQXUJZtIRtwllQ7U12WrZFtrxXBRkbfbSAGkHy8N6J2ei41KHe05Eg_y0FeS5nsT$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">www.bcbl.eu</a></span></span></strong></p><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div><div class="5" id="zimbraEditorContainer" style="font-size: 12pt;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden field-wrapper body field"><ol><li><strong>INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITION </strong></li></ol><ul><li><strong>Position:</strong> Postdoctoral<span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT10341_com_zimbra_url"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-development-across-life-span__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!IMVXTSfsKKoNS6CoU4rYTQXUJZtIRtwllQ7U12WrZFtrxXBRkbfbSAGkHy8N6J2ei41KHe05Eg_y0AbfWzs-$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong></strong></a></span><br /></li><li><strong>Researcher Profile: </strong><u>R2, Recognised Researcher</u> (PhD holders or equivalent who are not yet fully independent) / <u>R3, Established Researcher</u>(Researchers who have developed a level of independence)</li><li><strong>Number of vacancies:</strong> 1</li><li><strong>Project:</strong> Open</li><li><strong>Location: </strong> Spain > Donostia-San Sebastian</li><li><strong>Research Field: </strong>Cognitive Neuroscience</li><li><strong>Job Status: </strong>Full-time</li><li><strong>Hours per week: </strong>35</li><li><strong>Starting date</strong>: As soon as possible in 2023</li><li><strong>Ending date:</strong> 31 December 2025</li></ul><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Information about the position: </strong>The Signal Processing in Neuroimaging group at the Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language - BCBL (San Sebastian, Spain) offers a postdoctoral position to investigate and develop novel methods for the acquisition and analysis of neuroimaging and biomedical data. The position is funded for 2 years, plus 1 year based on the starting date and performance. The position is not linked to a specific project, and the candidate could work within any of the current research lines of the group, including:</p><p style="margin: 0px;">- Developing advanced signal processing algorithms for the preprocessing, denoising, and analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with BOLD or ASL, as well as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).</p><p style="margin: 0px;">- Advancing multi-echo fMRI techniques and their application.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">- Developing translatable imaging techniques for measuring brain physiology and metabolism (e.g., cerebrovascular reactivity, neurovascular coupling, perfusion, calibrated fMRI) in both healthy subjects and clinical populations (e.g., brain tumors).</p><p style="margin: 0px;">- Precision functional mapping (“Dense mapping”) to investigate cognition and brain plasticity in individual subjects.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">We also welcome other research proposals that can complement these topics.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT10342_com_zimbra_url"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-groups/signal-processing-neuroimaging__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!IMVXTSfsKKoNS6CoU4rYTQXUJZtIRtwllQ7U12WrZFtrxXBRkbfbSAGkHy8N6J2ei41KHe05Eg_y0DhWORr8$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-groups/signal-processing-neuroimaging</a></span><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">Full-time (24/7) access to state-of-the-art neuroimaging facilities and equipment is readily available, including a 3T MRI Siemens Prisma scanner, MR-compatible EEG and eye-tracking Eyelink equipment, NIRx NIRScout fNIRS system.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Job description:</strong> The successful candidate will work with the PI and other members of the Signal Processing in Neuroimaging group and the BCBL. The successful candidate will be expected to develop an independent research program that complements the group’s focus. Depending on the candidate’s experience, s/he will also be involved in the supervision of undergraduate, master’s and doctoral students working in the group.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="2"><strong>CANDIDATES’ PROFILE AND SELECTION CRITERIA</strong></li></ol><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Required skills:</strong></p><ul><li>PhD in physics, computer science, biomedical or telecommunications engineering, signal processing, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, or related areas.</li><li>Experience in the acquisition and analysis of neuroimaging and/or biomedical data, preferably functional MRI, ASL, or fNIRS.</li><li>Solid programming skills (Python, Matlab, R, Shell scripting).</li><li>Good knowledge of mathematics and statistics.</li><li>Strong written and spoken English.</li></ul><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="3"><strong>WORKING CONDITIONS</strong></li></ol><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Salary: </strong>Gross salary € 28.000 - € 30.000 </p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Entitlements and other benefits: </strong><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT10343_com_zimbra_url"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!IMVXTSfsKKoNS6CoU4rYTQXUJZtIRtwllQ7U12WrZFtrxXBRkbfbSAGkHy8N6J2ei41KHe05Eg_y0F8yexia$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl</a></span><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Training opportunities and Career development plan: </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;">Researchers at any stage of their career, regardless of their contractual situation, are given an opportunity for professional development and for improving their employability through access to a Personal Career Development Plan which includes</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(1) Training through individually personalized research projects under senior supervision</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(2) Exchanging knowledge with the scientific community and the general public</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(3) Network-wide training in theory and methods</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(4) Complementary training courses</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(5) Involvement in proposal writing, task coordination</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(6) Development of skills for the organization of training and scientific events</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="4"><strong>OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:</strong></li></ol><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Language policy</strong></p><ul><li>The corporative language at the Center is English.</li><li>The center provides initial-level Spanish and Basque lessons to all international staff members.</li><li>The interview will be conducted entirely in English.</li></ul><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="5"><strong>APPLICATION PROCESS: </strong></li></ol><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Submission of the application and documentation:</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;">To submit your application, please follow this <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT10344_com_zimbra_url"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bcbl.eu/calls__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!IMVXTSfsKKoNS6CoU4rYTQXUJZtIRtwllQ7U12WrZFtrxXBRkbfbSAGkHy8N6J2ei41KHe05Eg_y0FCY10L6$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">link:</a></span> applying for <strong>“</strong><strong>Postdoc_2023_SPINGroup</strong><strong>”</strong> and attach the following documentation:</p><div><ul><li>A curriculum vitae</li><li>A statement outlining research interests and motivation to apply for the position</li><li>Two letters of recommendation</li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Application process timetable:</strong></p><ol><li>Deadline for application: November 30</li><li>Evaluation by committee: December 1 – December 5</li><li>Interviews: December 12 – December 22</li><li>Final decision: December 28</li><li>Feedback to all applicants: December 28</li><li>Work contract start date: As soon as possible in 2023</li></ol><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Contact details for enquiries: </strong><span style="color: blue;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT10345_ZmEmailObjectHandler"><a href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu">hr@bcbl.eu</a></span></span></p></div></div></div></div><br style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><hr /><h1 class="title" id="page-title">Doctoral INPhINIT Fellowships</h1><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden field-wrapper body field"><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>The BCBL – Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language is a "Severo Ochoa" Centre and a Host Institution in the INPhINIT Programme offering 10 different PhD Thesis projects (<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://finder-fellowships.lacaixafoundation.org/finder__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!IMVXTSfsKKoNS6CoU4rYTQXUJZtIRtwllQ7U12WrZFtrxXBRkbfbSAGkHy8N6J2ei41KHe05Eg_y0HlxVKBc$">https://finder-fellowships.lacaixafoundation.org/finder</a>)</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong><br /></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>The call for Doctoral INPhINIT Fellowships is now open: sign up</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong><br /></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><img alt="" height="172" 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" style="float: right;" width="262" /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">"la Caixa" Foundation has opened its latest call for Doctoral INPhINIT Fellowships to support talented researchers of the future.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Thanks to this programme, you can carry out your doctorate at the best universities and research centres in Spain and Portugal.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px;">There are two types of INPhINIT fellowship:</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>• Incoming:</strong> fellowships for researchers abroad to carry out a STEM discipline PhD in Spain or Portugal.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><strong>• Retaining:</strong> fellowships for researchers to remain in Spain or Portugal to carry out a PhD in any discipline.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px;">Submit your application by 25 January 2023 for Incoming and by 16 February 2023 for Retaining.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px;">For more information and to apply for your fellowship: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://fundacionlacaixa.org/en/inphinit-doctoral-fellowships-call__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!IMVXTSfsKKoNS6CoU4rYTQXUJZtIRtwllQ7U12WrZFtrxXBRkbfbSAGkHy8N6J2ei41KHe05Eg_y0FrFJLHi$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://fundacionlacaixa.org/en/inphinit-doctoral-fellowships-call</a></p></div></div>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-45564042128029040842022-11-04T11:27:00.002-07:002022-11-04T11:27:29.899-07:00Three tenure track assistant professor positions - Dept. of Linguistics, University of Maryland<p> <span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">The Linguistics Department at the University of Maryland, College Park invites applications for 3 tenure track assistant professor positions with anticipated starting dates of August 2023. Applicants for these positions should already have a PhD (Linguistics, Cognitive Science, or allied fields) or expect to have one by August 2023 and should be prepared to teach courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. </span></p><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br class="" /></div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">We seek to make three hires distributed across the domains of linguistic theory (syntax, meaning, and sound/sign). Candidates may use diverse methodologies for addressing research questions including: formal theory construction, language description and analysis, fieldwork, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language acquisition, computational modeling. Candidates will have the opportunity to interface with one or more other university strengths in infant studies, computation, neuroscience, philosophy and the language sciences. Candidates with a strong research program in the cognitive neuroscience of language will be considered for a joint appointment with the Brain and Behavior Institute (BBI).</div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br class="" /></div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Inquiries about the positions should be directed to Prof. Jeffrey Lidz, <a class="" href="mailto:jlidz@umd.edu"><span class="" style="color: #094fd1;"><b class="">jlidz@umd.edu</b></span></a>. Applications for the positions must be made online through<a class="" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://ejobs.umd.edu/postings/100478__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!Mh7Yl14yWGUBCjf4D7_mhtPOJfSI84zGheBI7vZ3so139CjLYS07sWI0GZZOTzxFXE3E-Zbiycl5Ju3vizRe$"> </a><a class="" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ejobs.umd.edu/__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!Mh7Yl14yWGUBCjf4D7_mhtPOJfSI84zGheBI7vZ3so139CjLYS07sWI0GZZOTzxFXE3E-Zbiycl5Jm6ZWZOG$"><span class="" style="color: #094fd1;"><b class="">ejobs.umd.edu</b></span></a> and must include a cover letter, a current CV, research, teaching and contributions to diversity statements, samples of written work, teaching evaluations (if available) and the names of three or four references. (posting linked <a class="" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://ejobs.umd.edu/postings/100478__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!Mh7Yl14yWGUBCjf4D7_mhtPOJfSI84zGheBI7vZ3so139CjLYS07sWI0GZZOTzxFXE3E-Zbiycl5Ju3vizRe$">here</a>)</div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br class="" /></div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">We seek candidates whose research, teaching, and service have prepared them to contribute to diversity and inclusion. Applicants are asked to summarize their leadership efforts, and past or potential contributions to diversity in their Statement of Contributions to Diversity. Contributions might include leadership in teaching, mentoring, research or service towards building an equitable and diverse scholarly environment and/or increasing access or participation of individuals from historically underrepresented groups.</div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br class="" /></div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">For best consideration applications should be made by Dec. 1, 2022. These searches are contingent upon the availability of funds.</div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br class="" /></div><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The University of Maryland, College Park is the flagship institution in the University System of Maryland, and is located just outside Washington D.C. The University of Maryland is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Minorities and women are encouraged to apply.</div>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-92008471013579676802022-10-19T08:55:00.005-07:002022-10-19T08:55:50.352-07:00 FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN), www.bcbl.eu<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers funded 3 Postdoctoral positions:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT13430_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-language-memory-group" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-language-memory-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!NYvP-Mur7W2VkUhyq7j4W4nQ42SqlGsMRCebii2udiViFf_Y4wQ4pRMDvI4M9X-jXIiQSyeBjqzjWEN2sIbc$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION– Language and Memory Group, Dr. Kepa Paz-Alonso</a></span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object-hover" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT13431_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-brain-rhythms-cognition" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-brain-rhythms-cognition__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!NYvP-Mur7W2VkUhyq7j4W4nQ42SqlGsMRCebii2udiViFf_Y4wQ4pRMDvI4M9X-jXIiQSyeBjqzjWKRQndAN$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION– Brain Rhythms and Cognition Group, Dr. Manuela Ruzzoli and Dr. Nicola Molinaro</a></span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT13432_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!NYvP-Mur7W2VkUhyq7j4W4nQ42SqlGsMRCebii2udiViFf_Y4wQ4pRMDvI4M9X-jXIiQSyeBjqzjWE2TBgE7$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION– Neurobiology of Language Group, Prof. Manuel Carreiras</a></span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITIONS IN <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT13433_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!NYvP-Mur7W2VkUhyq7j4W4nQ42SqlGsMRCebii2udiViFf_Y4wQ4pRMDvI4M9X-jXIiQSyeBjqzjWPY-5WmJ$" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers</a></span></span></b></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-68310706100827303402022-10-03T05:29:00.003-07:002022-10-03T05:29:44.478-07:00 FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN)<p> <b style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN), <u><span data-mce-style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;" style="color: #4f81bd;"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bcbl.eu__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2d6uXhKLc$">www.bcbl.eu</a></span></u></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #0070c0; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers funded 6 PhD candidate positions:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span data-mce-style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US">- <a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-brain" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-brain__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2d9pPLVhy$">Funded PhD Candidate Position – NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE GROUP (BRAIN SURGERY)</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span data-mce-style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US">- <a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-0" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-0__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2d0MDj2lW$">Funded PhD Candidate Position – NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE GROUP (DEAFREADING)</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span data-mce-style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US">- </span></span><u><span data-mce-style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-scancer" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurobiology-language-group-scancer__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2d1M0KXBt$">Funded PhD Candidate Position – NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE GROUP (SCANCER)</a><o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><u><span data-mce-style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-infant-language-cognition-group" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-infant-language-cognition-group__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2d-Rm6GXz$">- Funded PhD Candidate Position – INFANT LANGUAGE AND COGNITION GROUP</a><o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><u><span data-mce-style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-brain-rhythms-cognition-group-0" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-brain-rhythms-cognition-group-0__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2d-0MSB5p$">- Funded PhD Candidate Position – BRAIN RHYTHMS and COGNITION Group</a><o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><u><span data-mce-style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-developmental-language-disorders-0" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-developmental-language-disorders-0__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2d9g4Qz2U$">- Funded PhD Candidate Position – DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND EDUCATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE Group<o:p></o:p></a></span></u><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITIONS IN <a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers__;!!CzAuKJ42GuquVTTmVmPViYEvSg!OhsoMTdNAcY2-d8SiHZXq3AR4oXrEHVZehcOyBO07MbOtPVXWxh-j5PNvuEq4WUmFD5j5y9TAWC2dzANuVd_$">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers</a></span></b></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-66271831343427876692022-02-16T11:03:00.004-08:002022-02-16T11:03:40.768-08:00FUNDED PhD STUDENT POSITION – Speech and Bilingualism Group- AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN)<p><br /></p><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden field-wrapper body field" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><ol><li><strong>INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITION </strong></li></ol><ul><li><strong>Position:</strong> PhD student</li><li><strong>Researcher Profile: </strong>First Stage Researcher (R1- up to the point of PhD)</li><li><strong>Number of vacancies:</strong> 1</li><li><strong>Project:</strong> <em>ReadCalibration</em> ERC project</li><li><strong>Organisation/Company:</strong> <a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/">BCBL Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language</a><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></li><li><strong>Location: </strong> Spain > San Sebastian</li><li><strong>Research Field: </strong>Neuroscience > Cognition and Language > Phonetics / Phonology / Acoustics</li><li><strong>Type of contract/Duration of Contract : </strong>Temporary = 4 years</li><li><strong>Job Status: </strong>Full-time</li><li><strong>Hours per week: </strong>35</li><li><strong>Starting date: </strong>Between May 1<sup>st</sup> and October 1<sup>st</sup> 2022</li><li><strong>Application deadline: </strong>March 13<sup>th</sup> 2022</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Information about the project: </strong>The main aim of the <em>ReadCalibration</em> ERC project is to explore the interplay between phonology and orthography in speech perception and production in various populations (children and adults; typically-developing or with reading and/or hearing impairments; monolinguals and bilinguals).</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Job description:</strong> The selected candidate will work in the context of the 5-year ERC project <em>Phonemic representations in speech perception and production: Recalibration by reading acquisition</em> <em>(ReadCalibration)</em>. He/she will be developing studies exploring phonemic recalibration in hearing impaired populations.</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">The candidate will be responsible for leading his/her own research projects from beginning to end, under supervision: developing research ideas, designing and running experiments, analyzing data, reporting results by writing up research papers and presenting at international conferences. The candidate will be encouraged to collaborate with researchers at the BCBL at all stages of their career (predoctoral students, postdoctoral fellows, and established researchers) by taking part in weekly group and lab meetings, seminars of external speakers, specific interest groups, etc. The core of the project will rely on behavioral tasks and measures, with fine-grained analysis of language production and perception (e.g., acoustic analysis). If desired, the candidate could also develop neuroimaging experiments as part of the ERC project, taking advantage of neuroimaging facilities at the BCBL (e.g., EEG, eye-tracking, MEG, fMRI).</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>PI and research group: </strong>The candidate will join the <a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-groups/speech-bilingualism" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-groups/speech-bilingualism">Speech and Bilingualism grou</a>p led by Dr. Clara Martin (<a href="mailto:c.martin@bcbl.eu">c.martin@bcbl.eu</a>). The research group focuses on exploring factors impacting speech production and perception in L1 and L2, including contextual properties (e.g., foreign accentedness of the speaker/addressee). We recently started the large-scale <em>ReadCalibration</em> ERC project investigating the impact of the orthographic system on speech sound and word perception and production across modalities (listening, reading, speaking, typing), languages (opaque and transparent orthographies), and populations (monolinguals and bilinguals with varying reading skills).</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="2"><strong>CANDIDATES’ PROFILE AND SELECTION CRITERIA</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Required skills:</strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Good knowledge of the field of cognitive neuroscience and/or linguistics, speech science, especially phonetics/phonology</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Able to lead testing sessions with special population / communicating with medical staff</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Master’s (or equivalent Honours) degree in Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Linguistics, and/or other relevant areas</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Strong background in experiment programming and statistical analyses is recommended</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Excellent written and oral communication skills in English</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Desirable skills:</strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Previous experience in participating in research projects (e.g., data collection, analysis) is desired</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Knowledge of Spanish (or willingness to learn) is a plus</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="3"><strong>WORKING CONDITIONS</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Salary: </strong>16.250€ gross/year (year 1 and 2); 17.410€ gross/year 3; 21.760€ gross/year 4</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Entitlements and other benefits: </strong><a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl</a></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Training opportunities and Career development plan: </strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">Researchers at any stage of their career, regardless of their contractual situation, are given an opportunity for professional development and for improving their employability through access to a Personal Career Development Plan which includes</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(1) Training through individually personalized research projects under senior supervision</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(2) Exchanging knowledge with the scientific community and the general public</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(3) Network-wide training in theory and methods</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(4) Complementary training courses</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(5) Involvement in proposal writing, task coordination</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(6) Development of skills for the organization of training and scientific events.</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="4"><strong>OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Language policy</strong></p><ul><li>The corporative language at the Center is English but the national language will be an asset for this particular position</li><li>The interview will be conducted entirely in English</li><li>The center provides initial level Spanish and Basque lessons to all the international staff members</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl</a></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="5"><strong>APPLICATION PROCESS: </strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Submission of the application and documentation:</strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">To submit your application, please follow this <a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu/calls" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/calls">link:</a> applying for “ERC PhD SB 2022” and attach the following documentation:</p><ul><li>A curriculum vitae (4 pages máximum)</li><li>A statement outlining research interests and motivation to apply for the position (1 page maximum)</li><li>Two letters of recommendation</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Application process timetable:</strong></p><ol><li>Deadline for application: 13/03/2022</li><li>Evaluation by committee: 14/03/2022-27/03/2022</li><li>Online interviews for pre-selected candidates: 28/03/2022-10/04/2022</li><li>Final candidate selection: 10/04/2022</li><li>Feedback to all candidates: 10/04/2022-15/04/2022</li><li>Starting date: 01/05/2022 – 01/10/2022</li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Contact details for enquiries: </strong><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5676_ZmEmailObjectHandler" role="link"><a data-mce-href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu" href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">hr@bcbl.eu</a></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><hr /></div><div data-mce-style="clear: both;" style="clear: both; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden field-wrapper body field"><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>FUNDED POST-DOC POSITION – Speech and Bilingualism Group- AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN)</strong></p><ol><li><strong>INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITION </strong></li></ol><ul><li><strong>Position:</strong> Postdoctoral position in cognitive neuroscience</li><li><strong>Researcher Profile: </strong>R2 Recognised Researcher <em>(PhD holders or equivalent who are not yet fully independent)</em></li><li><strong>Number of vacancies:</strong> 1</li><li><strong>Project:</strong> <em>ReadCalibration</em> ERC project</li><li><strong>Organisation/Company:</strong> <a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/">BCBL Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language</a><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></li><li><strong>Location: </strong> Spain > San Sebastian</li><li><strong>Research Field: </strong>Neuroscience > Cognition and Language > Phonetics-Phonology</li><li><strong>Type of contract/Duration of Contract : </strong>Temporary – Up to 4 years</li><li><strong>Job Status: </strong>Full-time</li><li><strong>Hours per week: </strong>35</li><li><strong>Starting date: </strong>Between May 1<sup>st</sup> and October 1<sup>st</sup> 2022</li><li><strong>Application deadline: </strong>March 13<sup>th</sup> 2022</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Information about the project: </strong>The main aim of the <em>ReadCalibration</em> ERC project is to explore the interplay between phonology and orthography in speech perception and production in various populations (children and adults; typically-developing or with reading and/or hearing impairments; monolinguals and bilinguals).</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Job description:</strong> The selected candidate will work in the context of the 5-year ERC project <em>Phonemic representations in speech perception and production: Recalibration by reading acquisition</em> <em>(ReadCalibration)</em>. He/she will be developing studies exploring phonemic recalibration in hearing impaired populations.</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">The candidate will be responsible for leading his/her own research projects from beginning to end, under supervision: developing research ideas, designing and running experiments, analyzing data, reporting results by writing up research papers and presenting at international conferences. The candidate will be encouraged to collaborate with researchers at the BCBL at all stages of their career (predoctoral students, postdoctoral fellows, and established researchers) by taking part in weekly group and lab meetings, seminars of external speakers, specific interest groups, etc. The candidate will also be encouraged to co-supervise a PhD student working on the same topic. There also can be opportunities for Master student supervision. The core of the project will rely on behavioral tasks and measures, with fine-grained analysis of language production and perception (e.g., acoustic analysis). If desired, the candidate could also develop a neuroimaging study, as part of the ERC project, taking advantage of neuroimaging facilities at the BCBL (e.g., EEG, eye-tracking, MEG, fMRI).</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>PI and research group: </strong>The candidate will join the <a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-groups/speech-bilingualism" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-groups/speech-bilingualism">Speech and Bilingualism grou</a>p led by Dr. Clara Martin (<a href="mailto:c.martin@bcbl.eu">c.martin@bcbl.eu</a>). The research group focuses on exploring factors impacting speech production and perception in L1 and L2, including contextual properties (e.g., foreign accentedness of the speaker/addressee). We recently started the large-scale <em>ReadCalibration</em> ERC project investigating the impact of the orthographic system on speech sound and word perception and production across modalities (listening, reading, speaking, typing), languages (opaque and transparent orthographies), and populations (monolinguals and bilinguals with varying reading skills).</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="2"><strong>CANDIDATES’ PROFILE AND SELECTION CRITERIA</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Required skills:</strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Able to carry his/her own research and lead a research project</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Good knowledge of the field of cognitive neuroscience and/or linguistics, speech science, especially phonetics/phonology</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Able to lead testing sessions with special population / communicating with medical staff</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Able to produce, analyze and interpret data under supervision</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Able to explain the outcome of research and value in written and oral format</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Strong background in experiment programming and statistical analyses</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Excellent written and oral communication skills in English</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Desirable skills:</strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Previous research experience in phonetic/phonology and/or hearing impairment</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Previous experience with special population wearing hearing aids and/or cochlear implants</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Able to take ownership for and manage own career progression</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Able to set realistic and achievable career goals, and to identify and develop ways to improve employability</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">- Knowledge of Spanish (or willingness to learn) is a plus.</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="3"><strong>WORKING CONDITIONS</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Salary: </strong>28.000€-30.000€ gross/year (depending on the experience of the candidate)</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Entitlements and other benefits: </strong><a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl</a></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Training opportunities and Career development plan: </strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">Researchers at any stage of their career, regardless of their contractual situation, are given an opportunity for professional development and for improving their employability through access to a Personal Career Development Plan which includes</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(1) Training through individually personalized research projects under senior supervision</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(2) Exchanging knowledge with the scientific community and the general public</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(3) Network-wide training in theory and methods</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(4) Complementary training courses</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(5) Involvement in proposal writing, task coordination</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(6) Development of skills for the organization of training and scientific events.</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="4"><strong>OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Language policy</strong></p><ul><li>The corporative language at the Center is English but the national language will be an asset for this particular position</li><li>The interview will be conducted entirely in English</li><li>The center provides initial level Spanish and Basque lessons to all the international staff members</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl</a></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="5"><strong>APPLICATION PROCESS: </strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Submission of the application and documentation:</strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">To submit your application, please follow this <a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu/calls" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/calls">link:</a> applying for “ERC Postdoc SB 2022” and attach the following documentation:</p><ul><li>A curriculum vitae (4 pages máximum)</li><li>A statement outlining research interests and motivation to apply for the position (1 page maximum)</li><li>Two letters of recommendation</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Application process timetable:</strong></p><ol><li>Deadline for application: 13/03/2022</li><li>Evaluation by committee: 14/03/2022-27/03/2022</li><li>Online interviews for pre-selected candidates: 28/03/2022-10/04/2022</li><li>Final candidate selection: 10/04/2022</li><li>Feedback to all candidates: 10/04/2022-15/04/2022</li><li>Starting date: 01/05/2022 – 01/10/2022</li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Contact details for enquiries: </strong><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5727_ZmEmailObjectHandler" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT5743_ZmEmailObjectHandler" role="link"><a data-mce-href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu" href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">hr@bcbl.eu</a></span></span></p></div></div>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-14291991748662352752022-02-02T10:05:00.006-08:002022-02-02T10:05:57.502-08:00 Post-Doctoral Fellow to Study Neural Mechanisms of Language Recovery after Stroke - Johns Hopkins<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Position available soon for a full-time research post-doctoral fellow, preferably in the field of speech-language pathology or cognitive neuroscience, to take primary responsibility for collection and analysis of data for a study of the neural mechanisms underlying language and cognitive recovery after stroke.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">This project would entail collaboration with a post-doctoral fellow in the area of motor recovery to longitudinally study patients either at Johns Hopkins or via an innovative Stroke Treatment And Recovery van (The STAR Car), equipped with devices for evaluating both motor and language/cognitive recovery via tablets, fNIRS, tDCS, robotics, etc. Patients who are able to come to the hospital will also have longitudinal functional fMRI.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The position would provide an opportunity to work with an outstanding and diverse group of collaborators in the Stroke Cognitive Outcomes and REcovery (SCORE) lab (PI: Argye Hillis, MD, MA), including four other post-doctoral fellows, two faculty, 4 research speech-language pathologists,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">full-time research assistants, and students in various levels of training.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Additionally, we collaborate with an interdisciplinary team of investigators in the Sheikh Kalifa Stroke Institute at Johns Hopkins, which consists of the Centers for Excellence in Stroke Detection and Treatment (Directed by Dr. Argye Hillis) and Center for Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation (Directed by Dr. Preeti Raghaven) and investigators at the Bloomberg School of Health Department of Biostatistics.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Finally, we collaborate closely with C-STAR, the Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery, supported by a P50 grant from NIDCD, with Julius Fridriksson, PhD, Dirk Den Ouden, and Chris Rorden (University of South Carolina), Leo Bonilha, MD, PhD (Medical University of South Carolina), and Greg Hickok, PhD (University of California, Irvine), to provide new insight regarding the mechanisms and facilitation of aphasia recovery.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The position would allow training and experience in multimodality structural and functional imaging and integration with behavioral performance for brain mapping and tracking recovery.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">The environment at Johns Hopkins is extraordinarily collaborative across disciplines and departments. Our research relies on the exceptional interdisciplinary collaborations across departments (Radiology, Neurology, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation) in the School of Medicine and across schools (the Bloomberg School of Public Health, the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences Dept. of Cognitive Science, and the Kirby Functional Imaging Center). There are outstanding resources available and an environment that supports leadership in innovation, scientific integrity, and intellectual curiosity. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">The post-doctoral position would require a commitment of two years, but could be extended for a longer period. It will also require a driver’s license and travel to patient’s homes for evaluation (with at least one other investigator). Experience in fNIRS and/or fMRI analysis would be favored. For further information, contact Argye Hillis, at <a href="mailto:argye@jhmi.edu" style="color: #954f72;">argye@jhmi.edu</a> or 410-812-6716. Salary is commensurate with training and experience. The start date is flexible.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-44617217003865285952022-01-14T09:24:00.001-08:002022-01-14T09:24:07.745-08:00BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE -- PreDoc, PostDoc, and Research Fellow Opportunities<p> <b style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">FUNDED PREDOCTORAL AND POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN), <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT856_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT878_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">www.bcbl.eu</a></span></span></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers the following positions:</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT857_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT879_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-computational-neuroscience-group-0" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-computational-neuroscience-group-0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="font-weight: normal;" style="font-weight: normal;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION– Computational Neuroscience Group- AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN)</span></a></span></span></span></b></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink" data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT858_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT880_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-joint-postdoctoral-candidate-position" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-joint-postdoctoral-candidate-position" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">FUNDED JOINT POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION at the Neurobiology of Language Group, BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, SPAIN) and Combinatorial Optimization group, BCAM – BASQUE CENTER FOR APPLIED MATHEMATICS (BILBAO, SPAIN)</a></span></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink" data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT859_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT881_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-joint-postdoctoral-candidate-position-0" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-joint-postdoctoral-candidate-position-0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">FUNDED JOINT POSTDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION at the Signal Processing in Neuroimaging group, BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, SPAIN) and Combinatorial Optimization group, BCAM – BASQUE CENTER FOR APPLIED MATHEMATICS (BILBAO, SPAIN)</a></span></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="MsoHyperlink" data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT860_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT882_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-joint-predoctoral-candidate-position" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-joint-predoctoral-candidate-position" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">FUNDED JOINT PREDOCTORAL CANDIDATE POSITION at the Neurolinguistics and Aphasia Group, BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, SPAIN) and Laboratory of Neuroimaging and biomarkers of inflammation, ACHUCARRO-BASQUE CENTER FOR NEUROSCIENCE (BILBAO, SPAIN)</a></span></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; color: #000000;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;"><b><span lang="EN-US">INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITIONS IN <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT861_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT883_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers</a></span></span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span><br /></p><hr style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">RESEARCH FELLOW POSITION at the BCBL- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) </span></b><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT862_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT884_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><b><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></b></a></span></span><b><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT863_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT885_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.bcbl.eu</a></span></span></b></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"><br /></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers research fellow positions </span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%; color: black; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">in seven main broad areas of research:</span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">- </span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT864_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT886_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-development-across-life-span" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-development-across-life-span" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Language development across the life span</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">- </span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT865_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT887_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/speech-percepcion-productions-disorders" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/speech-percepcion-productions-disorders" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Speech perception, productions and disorders</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">- </span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT866_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT888_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/reading-dyslexia" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/reading-dyslexia" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Reading and dyslexia</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">- </span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT867_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT889_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/multilingualism" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/multilingualism" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Multilingualism</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">- </span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT868_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT890_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/neurodegeneration-brain-damage-rehabilitation" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/neurodegeneration-brain-damage-rehabilitation" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Neurodegeneration, brain damage and rehabilitation</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">- </span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT869_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT891_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-other-cognitive-systems" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-other-cognitive-systems" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Language and other cognitive systems</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">- </span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT870_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT892_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/advanced-methods-cognitive-neuroscience" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/advanced-methods-cognitive-neuroscience" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Advanced methods in cognitive neuroscience</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">The Center promotes a rich research environment without substantial teaching obligations. It provides access to the most advanced behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, including 3 Tesla MRI, a whole-head MEG system, four ERP labs, a NIRS lab, a baby lab including an eyetracker, two eyetracking labs, and several well-equipped behavioral labs. There are excellent technical support staff and research personnel (PhD and postdoctoral students). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">We are looking for cognitive neuroscientists or experimental psychologists with a background in psycholinguistics and/or neighboring cognitive neuroscience areas, computational modelers, and physicists and/or engineers with fMRI/MEG expertise. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">These <b>five year Fellowships</b> are directed to <b>promising young researchers</b>; they are intended to offer a track towards a PI role and independent research. The selected Fellows should be able to acquire the necessary skills for a research leader role. Ikerbasque is committed to offer a long-term career to the research community: Fellows in their 5th year can be assessed for a permanent position.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">The applicants must have their PhD completed between </span><span lang="EN-US">l <span class="object"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT871_com_zimbra_date" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT893_com_zimbra_date" role="link">1/1/2011</span></span> </span>and <span class="object"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT872_com_zimbra_date" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT894_com_zimbra_date" role="link">31/12/2019</span></span></span>.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Applications from women are especially welcomed. The eligibility period will be extended under special circumstances such as maternity.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Support letter from the host group is mandatory.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">To submit your application please follow this link: <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT873_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT895_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://calls.ikerbasque.net/" href="https://calls.ikerbasque.net/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://calls.ikerbasque.net/</a></span></span></span><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866666793823242px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">Deadline: </span></b><em><b><span lang="EN-US">15th March 2022</span></b></em><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><em><b><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></em></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 11pt;" style="font-family: "times new roman", "new york", times, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">For further information about the fellowships, please contact the Director of BCBL, Manuel Carreiras (</span><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT874_ZmEmailObjectHandler" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT896_ZmEmailObjectHandler" role="link"><a data-mce-href="mailto:info@bcbl.eu" href="mailto:info@bcbl.eu" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: none;" lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration: none;">info@bcbl.eu</span></a></span></span><span data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 16.866666793823242px;">)</span></span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-81887039048692872862021-12-10T04:59:00.000-08:002021-12-10T04:59:02.624-08:00 Doctoral INPhINIT Fellowships by "La Caixa" Foundation<p><br /></p><div data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'helvetica', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'helvetica', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;" style="font-size: 12pt;"><div data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'helvetica', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;" style="font-size: 12pt;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden field-wrapper body field"><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT3247_com_zimbra_date" role="link">Do</span> you want to start your research career? </p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">”La Caixa” Foundation's doctoral fellowships programme INPhINIT is now open. This programme supports the best scientific talent to promote innovative, excellence research in Spain and Portugal.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">Apply for a PhD fellowship and give your story a boost.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Incoming:</strong> 35 fellowships for researchers of all nationalities to carry out their PhD at Spanish centres with Severo Ochoa or <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT3248_com_zimbra_date" role="link">Mar</span>ía de Maeztu accreditation, Carlos III Health Research</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">Institutes, and Portuguese centres classed as “excellent” by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Incoming fellowships are addressed exclusively to STEM disciplines.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>The BCBL-INPHINIT Programme is offering 10 different PhD thesis projects within this modality.</strong></p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Retaining:</strong> 30 fellowships for researchers of all nationalities to carry out their PhD in any discipline and at any university or research centre in Spain or Portugal.</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">More information:</p><p class="rtejustify" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT3249_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT3252_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://fundacionlacaixa.org/en/doctoral-fellowships-inphinit-call" href="https://fundacionlacaixa.org/en/doctoral-fellowships-inphinit-call" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://fundacionlacaixa.org/en/doctoral-fellowships-inphinit-call</a></span></span><br /></p></div></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-26443025850808021672021-12-09T08:59:00.005-08:002021-12-09T08:59:32.754-08:00Program Officer job at NIDCD<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The NIDCD will, in January, be welcoming applications for a professional track Health Scientist Administrator (HSA Program Officer) with expertise and research experience in language and language disorders. A doctoral degree in speech-language pathology, psychology/neuropsychology, linguistics or other fields with a focus in communication is preferred and individuals at early to mid career stages are strongly encouraged to apply. Responsibilities for this position will be to oversee an active and growing research portfolio related to language and language disorders. In addition, the individual in this position will create, develop and lead activities associated with this research area; serve as the contact and resource within the institute, the NIH and beyond, for all issues related to language and language disorders; as well as interact with various groups within and across NIH. </span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">NIDCD is looking for a motivated, enthusiastic individual with research credentials and scientific expertise who will welcome the challenges and rewards of leading language and language disorders research for NIDCD. We are committed to creating a diverse environment: All qualified applicants will receive consideration without regard to race, color, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, genetics, disability, age, or veteran status. At NIDCD, we have a clear vision: to be the place where a diverse mix of talented people do their best work. The salary is based upon individual qualifications and professional experience. A full benefits package is available. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">The vacancy announcement for HSA Program Officer will be posted on 1/18/22 and closes on 1/27/22 at <span style="color: #0563c1;"><a href="http://jobs.nih.gov/globalrecruitment" style="color: #0563c1;">http://jobs.nih.gov/globalrecruitment</a></span><span style="color: blue;">.</span> Please contact Judith Cooper with questions or interest <span style="color: #0563c1;"><a href="mailto:cooperj@nidcd.nih.gov" style="color: #0563c1;">cooperj@nidcd.nih.gov</a></span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-11686131189182181352021-11-30T09:21:00.003-08:002021-11-30T09:21:54.549-08:00David Kemmerer's Cognitive Neuroscience of Language textbook (via David Kemmerer)<p><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB_wfCCn17_-Wwl-V5Pn3my4ymKsrSsIDq3WB5KsXExjLs2RDzca8ncu4G3jrBZm1sThBI5aCcK-PnpmKhLOMVDDCIL9DMMtftwMgWoPdZT7mu2XCINRLWZUnxyoCIj6SyJtBinmtsEX5b/s2048/cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1638" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB_wfCCn17_-Wwl-V5Pn3my4ymKsrSsIDq3WB5KsXExjLs2RDzca8ncu4G3jrBZm1sThBI5aCcK-PnpmKhLOMVDDCIL9DMMtftwMgWoPdZT7mu2XCINRLWZUnxyoCIj6SyJtBinmtsEX5b/s320/cover.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The 2nd edition of David Kemmerer's</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cognitive Neuroscience of Language </i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">textbook is expected to appear in April or May, 2022.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>If you use the code DKE20, you can get a 20% discount when you order the book from Psychology Press.</u></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><p></p><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The preface is copied below. It describes which aspects of the 1st edition have been retained, and which aspects of the 2nd edition are new. In addition, note that an "eBook+" version will be available, as well as a website containing PowerPoint slides, test questions, and links to relevant videos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Preface:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Welcome to the second edition! During the six years since the first one appeared, the branch of cognitive neuroscience that focuses on language has continued to flourish. Countless new experiments have been conducted, several major theories have been refined, three large volumes of survey chapters have been published (Hickok & Small, 2015; Hagoort, 2019; de Zubicaray & Schiller, 2019), a brand new journal called <i>Neurobiology of Language</i> was recently introduced, and the Society for the Neurobiology of Language has significantly grown (www.neurolang.org).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">My primary aim in preparing this second edition of the textbook was to keep pace with these advances in the field. But I also wanted to preserve the general approach of the first edition, so the following features have been retained:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Broadly speaking, the book's purpose is to give students, teachers, researchers, and clinicians a solid, accessible overview of what is currently known about how our brains enable us to perceive and produce language. More narrowly, it has been designed for use in courses offered to graduate students and upper-level undergraduate students. Although much of the content is inherently challenging, no previous knowledge of either neuroscience or linguistics is required, since technical terms and important principles from both disciplines are explained along the way.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">After covering background material about the human brain and aphasia syndromes in Parts I-II, almost all of the chapters in Parts III-VI draw upon prominent theoretical models that characterize particular linguistic domains at both cognitive and neurobiological levels of analysis. In addition, these core chapters illustrate how the different components of the models are supported, and in some cases challenged, by experiments employing diverse brain mapping techniques. A special effort has been made to describe many of these experiments in considerable detail, providing information about their goals, methods, results, and implications. The rationale for such an in-depth approach is that it may help students understand not only how empirical studies are carried out, but also how they contribute to the dynamic interplay between theory and data.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">At the same time, however, several aspects of this second edition are new and deserve to be highlighted here:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Following the lead of a 2016 paper by Pascale Tremblay and Anthony Steven Dick called "Broca and Wernicke are dead, or moving past the classic model of language neurobiology," minimal use is made of the traditional terms "Broca's area" and "Wernicke's area" because it is now abundantly clear that they are not only obsolete but confusing. Instead, more precise anatomical terms are used when necessary. This point is elaborated near the end of Chapter 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">To capture some of the most salient developments in the field during the past six years, all of the chapters from the first edition have been revised and updated. Some of them, however, have been modified much more than others. The ones that have undergone the greatest changes are as follows: Chapter 5 ("Speech perception"); Chapter 6 ("Speech production"); Chapter 8 ("Object nouns"); Chapter 9 ("Action verbs"); Chapter 10 ("Abstract words"); Chapter 13 ("Sentence comprehension"); Chapter 14 ("Discourse"); and Chapter 15 ("Reading and writing").<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Because research on the neural substrates of bilingualism has been rapidly accelerating, and because students are often quite interested in this topic, a separate chapter is now devoted to it—namely, Chapter 17 ("The bilingual brain").<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The table of contents has been reorganized in such a way that the chapters on reading/writing and sign language are now in Part VI ("Other topics") toward the end of the book, together with the chapter on bilingualism. Each of these chapters, however, can be read on its own, independently from the other chapters in the book.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-58645308414035364932021-10-05T09:12:00.001-07:002021-10-05T09:12:11.206-07:00 FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN)<p> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE </span></b></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">(SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN)</span></b></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: left;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif';" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6014_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6020_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" data-mce-style="color: #000000;" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: black;" target="_blank"><b><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">www.bcbl.eu</span></b></a></span></span></span><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;"></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: #0070c0;" lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers 4 funded Postdoctoral positions:</span></p><ul style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><li class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="line-height: normal;" style="line-height: normal;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u><span data-mce-style="color: blue;" style="color: blue;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6015_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6021_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-spoken-language-group" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-spoken-language-group" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITION– Spoken Language Group, Prof. Arthur Samue</a></span></span>l</span></u></span><br /></li><li class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="line-height: normal;" style="line-height: normal;"><u><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue;" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6016_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6022_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-educational-neuroscience-developmental" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-educational-neuroscience-developmental" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: blue;" style="color: blue;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITION– Educational Neuroscience and Developmental Language Disorders Group, Dr. Marie Lallier</span></a></span></span></span></u><br /></li><li class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="line-height: normal;" style="line-height: normal;"><u><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue;" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6017_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6023_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-infant-language-cognition-group" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-infant-language-cognition-group" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; color: blue;" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITION– Infant Language and Cognition Group, Dr. Marina Kalashnikova</span></a></span></span></span></u><br /></li><li class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="line-height: normal;" style="line-height: normal;"><u><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue;" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6018_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6024_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-computational-neuroscience-group" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers/funded-postdoctoral-candidate-position-computational-neuroscience-group" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: blue;" style="color: blue;">FUNDED POSTDOCTORAL POSITION– Computational Neuroscience Group, Prof. James Magnuson</span></a></span></span></span></u><br /></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITIONS IN </span></b><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6019_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT6025_com_zimbra_url" role="link"><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><b><span data-mce-style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers</span></b></a></span></span></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif';" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-41951363144416866732021-07-22T06:16:00.005-07:002021-07-22T06:16:57.546-07:00 FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITIONS AT THE BCBL- BASQUE CENTER ON COGNITION BRAIN AND LANGUAGE (SAN SEBASTIÁN, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN), www.bcbl.eu<p><br /></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers funded 4 PhD candidate positions:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span data-mce-style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US"></span><b><span lang="EN-US">1.<a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-brain-rhythms-cognition-group" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-brain-rhythms-cognition-group" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;" style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITION – Brain Rhythms and Cognition Group</span></a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span lang="EN-US">2.<a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurolinguistics-aphasia-group" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-neurolinguistics-aphasia-group" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;" style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITION - Neurolinguistics and Aphasia Group</span></a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span lang="EN-US">3.<a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-speech-bilingualism-group" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-speech-bilingualism-group" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;" style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITION – Speech and Bilingualism Group</span></a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span lang="EN-US">4.<a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-spoken-language-group" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/es/unete-a-nosotros/ofertas-trabajo/funded-phd-candidate-position-spoken-language-group" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;" style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">FUNDED PHD CANDIDATE POSITION – Spoken Language Group</span></a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background: #fefefe none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: #fefefe; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US"></span><b><span data-mce-style="color: #0070c0;" lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0;"></span></b><b><span data-mce-style="color: #0070c0;" lang="EN-US" style="color: #0070c0;">INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITIONS IN <a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span data-mce-style="color: blue;" style="color: blue;">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/job-offers</span></a></span></b></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-59707378931376818862021-07-19T06:18:00.006-07:002021-07-20T04:56:39.898-07:00 University of Freiburg – Research Assistant position<p><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">We are seeking a full-time or part time research assistant to support and manage research<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">projects at the Department of Neurology. We study how the brain works and how it recovers<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">from damage. Clinical and neuropsychological behavioural tests (eg: language, spatial<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">processing, praxis, spatial perception, memory) are correlated with brain anatomy and<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">function (eg: fMRI, rsfMRI, DTI, sMRT, PET, TMS) in group studies of patients (mainly<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">stroke, Parkinson’s disease and migraine). In a large scale project carefully selected stroke<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">patients (first ever stroke, single ischemic lesion) are prospectively tested during acute stage<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">and follow-up (currently > 800 enrolled). The group is part of Freiburg Brain Imaging (FBI),<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">an interfaculty assembly of departments interested in scientific brain imaging, strong links<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">exist with the Bernstein Centre of computational neuroscience, the Herman Paul Centre of<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">linguistics and the faculties of biology, psychology, sport and sport sciences and informatics.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Bold, sans-serif;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Bold, sans-serif;">Responsibilities:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">Within our large scale project: screening, recruitment and caring for study<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">patients during the visit; conducting and evaluating language tests/or general behavioural<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">tests; maintenance and further development of databases, static analysis, co-supervision of<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">doctoral students, research assistants and interns; support in managing the project.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">Contributions to the experimental design of new studies and opportunity to work on your own<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">scientific projects if you are qualified to do so<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">Required </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Bold, sans-serif;">qualification</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- BA or Master in Psychology, Biology, Linguistics, cognitive Science, Neuroscience, or<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">speech therapist with adequate abilities<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">Preferred qualifications:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Experience or interest in the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic neurological<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">patients<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Knowledge of imaging and neuroanatomy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Excellent computer and statistical skills (e.g. MS Office, SPSS)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- must be able and willing to acquire a command of German to enable interaction with our<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">patients<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">We offer you:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- working in a committed, interdisciplinary team with many years of internationally renowned<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">expertise in neuroscience, neuroanatomy as well as clinical care of patients<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- a varied and responsible field of work with a high degree of independence<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- opportunity for further scientific qualification<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">- training in advanced imaging techniques or neuropsychological testing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">The position is available on a full/part-time basis for an initial period of 3 years. After a<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">positive evaluation, tenure is available.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">Please apply with your complete documents (cover letter, curriculum vitae, list of<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">publications, references) by 1.9.2021 via our online portal (<a href="https://www.uniklinikfreiburg/" style="color: purple;">https://www.uniklinikfreiburg</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">de/karriere/stellenangebote.html) or email to: hannelore.griesbaum@uniklinikfreiburg.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">de<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">If you have any questions, please contact us by e-mail at: cornelius.weiller@uniklinikfreiburg.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">de</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-69287412037921328212021-05-27T08:41:00.001-07:002021-05-27T08:41:04.097-07:00Research Professors & Research Associates positions at the BCBL- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language <p> <strong style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Research Professors & Research Associates positions at the BCBL- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) </strong><a href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">www.bcbl.eu</a></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) offers <strong>Research Professors & Research Associates </strong>research fellow positions in seven main broad areas of research:</p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">- <a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-development-across-life-span" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Language development across the life span</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">- <a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/speech-percepcion-productions-disorders" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Speech perception, productions and disorders</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">- <a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/reading-dyslexia" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Reading and dyslexia</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">- <a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/multilingualism" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Multilingualism</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">- <a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/neurodegeneration-brain-damage-rehabilitation" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Neurodegeneration, brain damage and rehabilitation</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">- <a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/language-other-cognitive-systems" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Language and other cognitive systems</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">- <a href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/research/research-lines/advanced-methods-cognitive-neuroscience" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Advanced methods in cognitive neuroscience</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">The Center promotes a rich research environment without substantial teaching obligations. It provides access to the most advanced behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, including 3 Tesla MRI, a whole-head MEG system, four ERP labs, a NIRS lab, a baby lab including an eyetracker, two eyetracking labs, and several well-equipped behavioral labs. There are excellent technical support staff and research personnel (PhD and postdoctoral students).</p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">We are looking for cognitive neuroscientists or experimental psychologists with a background in psycholinguistics and/or neighboring cognitive neuroscience areas, computational modelers, and physicists and/or engineers with fMRI/MEG expertise.</p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">These<strong> permanent positions</strong> are for researchers willing to develop a long-term scientific career in the Basque Country. This call is open both to established researchers as <strong>Research Associates</strong>, with 8 to 12 years of postdoctoral experience; and senior leading researchers as <strong>Research Professors</strong>, with longer research experience. The applicants must have their PhD completed before January 2013.</p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">Applications from women researchers are specially welcome.</p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">An acceptance letter of the host institution Scientific Director is mandatory.</p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">To submit your application please follow this link <a href="https://calls.ikerbasque.net/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://calls.ikerbasque.net/</a><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><strong>Deadline: </strong><em><strong>September 10, 2021, at 13:00, CET</strong></em></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p><p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px;">For further information please contact the Scientific Director of BCBL, Manuel Carreiras (<a href="mailto:info@bcbl.eu" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">info@bcbl.eu</a>)</p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-28639270166455731492021-04-16T07:46:00.000-07:002021-04-16T07:46:05.588-07:00 PhD Student position at the BCBL- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) <p> <strong style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">PhD Student position at the BCBL- </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain) </span></span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT3220_com_zimbra_url"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT3234_com_zimbra_url"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT2391_com_zimbra_url"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT2525_com_zimbra_url"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT2663_com_zimbra_url"><a href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><strong></strong></span></a></span></span><strong><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT2526_com_zimbra_url"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT2664_com_zimbra_url"><a href="http://www.bcbl.eu/" rel="noopener nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">www.bcbl.eu</a></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></p><div data-marker="__QUOTED_TEXT__" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></div><div data-marker="__QUOTED_TEXT__" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden field-wrapper body field"><ol><li><strong>INFORMATION ABOUT THE POSITION <img alt="" class="media-element file-inline-image img-responsive jquery-once-10-processed" data-delta="2" data-mce-src="https://cdn1.euraxess.org/sites/default/files/styles/inline_image/public/logo_strategy_hr_0.jpg?itok=Z2L-iRLQ" data-mce-style="float: right; width: 207px; height: 139px;" data-picture-mapping="_none" src="https://cdn1.euraxess.org/sites/default/files/styles/inline_image/public/logo_strategy_hr_0.jpg?itok=Z2L-iRLQ" style="float: right; height: 139px; width: 207px;" title="" /></strong></li></ol><ul><li><strong>Position:</strong> PhD student</li><li><strong>Researcher Profile: </strong><u>First Stage Researcher (R1-</u> <u>up to the point of PhD)</u></li><li><strong>Number of vacancies:</strong> 1</li><li><strong>Project:</strong> Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Plan Nacional RTI2018 093547 B I00 (LANGCONN)</li><li><strong>Location: </strong> Spain > Donostia-San Sebastian</li><li><strong>Research Field: </strong>Neuroscience > Cognition and Language</li><li><strong>Type of contract/Duration of Contract : </strong>Temporary > 4 years</li><li><strong>Job Status: </strong>Full-time</li><li><strong>Hours per week: </strong>35</li><li><strong>Starting date: </strong>01/07/2021 (flexible)</li><li><strong>Application deadline: </strong>31/05/2021</li><li><strong>Information about the project: </strong>The Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language – BCBL- (Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain)</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">A predoctoral position to work on a translational research project is available in the Neurobiology of Language group, headed by Dr. Manuel Carreiras, at Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language (BCBL). The appointment is for four years. Starting date is flexible. The project is aimed at investigating to what extent the human brain connectome could be used to identify biomarkers of postsurgical cognitive recovery using presurgical neuro-anatomical and functional information in patients with <em>diffuse low-grade glioma</em> (DLGG).</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Project summary: </strong>DLGG is a primary brain tumor affecting young individuals in full possession of his/her cognitive faculties. The slow growth of this type of lesion allows the brain to reorganize its structure and functions hampering the onset of the cognitive symptoms. However, DLGG unavoidably evolves to become a more invasive type of tumor, at the expense of both survival and cognitive functional prognosis. This translational project lies at the nexus of neurosergery, neuroscience, biomedical imaging, computer science and statistics. Its long-term goal is to build an accurate and reliable model capable of predicting patient’s postsurgical cognitive recovery. This is a primary need, for both clinicians and patients, promoting better outcomes for surgeries, longer life expectancy and better quality of life for patients. The tools we are planning to develop will allow surgical teams to tailor interventions on a patient-by-patient basis, both before and after the surgery. By applying machine learning algorithms using a compendium of clinical, behavioral, structural, and connectomic features from a large sample of individuals with DLGG and healthy controls we will be able to investigate how the appearance of a brain lesion impacts brain network dynamics, and whether this network malleability represents an adaptive advantage for post-surgery brain recovery processes.</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Job description:</strong> The selected candidate will participate in several studies that combine clinical parameters, behavioral and neuroimaging data. His/her work will be focused (though not exclusively) on the acquisition, processing and analysis of functional and diffusion images (DTI) of pathological and healthy participants. The candidate will have the opportunity to be involved in a translational research project where clinical research groups, neuroimaging and basic research collaborate and will be able to develop the doctoral thesis project in the field of neuroimaging and neuroplasticity. In addition, the selected candidate will have access to cutting edge research facilities, including MEG, EEG, fMRI, eye-tracking and psychophysics laboratories.</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>PI and research group: </strong>Dr. Manuel Carreiras - Neurobiology of Language group.</p><ol><li value="2"><strong>CANDIDATES’ PROFILE AND SELECTION CRITERIA</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Required skills:</strong></p><ul><li>Possession of a Master degree in cognitive neuroscience, biomedical engineering, experimental psychology or any other related area.</li><li>A strong level of written and spoken English and Spanish.</li><li>Programming skills in Matlab, Python, or R environments.</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Desirable skills: </strong></p><ul><li>Research experience with MRI/fMRI</li><li>Knowledge of SPM and FSL.</li><li>A strong methodological and theoretical background in cognitive neuroscience, biomedical engineering, or related fields.</li><li>Previous experience of using machine learning.</li><li>Basic skills in statistics, sound processors and graphics.</li><li> </li></ul><ol><li value="3"><strong>WORKING CONDITIONS</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Salary: </strong>17.000 Euros per year (gross salary)</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Entitlements and other benefits: </strong><a data-mce-href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl" href="https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl">https://www.bcbl.eu/en/join-us/what-is-like-to-work-bcbl</a><br data-mce-bogus="1" /></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Training opportunities and Career development plan: </strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">Researchers at any stage of their career, regardless of their contractual situation, are given an opportunity for professional development and for improving their employability through access to a Personal Career Development Plan which includes</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(1) Training through individually personalized research projects under senior supervision</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(2) Exchanging knowledge with the scientific community and the general public</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(3) Network-wide training in theory and methods</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(4) Complementary training courses</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(5) Involvement in proposal writing, task coordination</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">(6) Development of skills for the organization of training and scientific events</p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="4"><strong>OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:</strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Language policy</strong></p><ul><li>The corporative language at the Center is English but the national language will be an asset for this particular position</li><li>The center provides initial level Spanish and Basque lessons to all the international staff members</li><li>The interview will be conducted entirely in English</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"> </p><ol><li value="5"><strong>APPLICATION PROCESS: </strong></li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Submission of the application and documentation:</strong></p><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;">To submit your application, please follow this <a data-mce-href="http://www.bcbl.eu/calls" href="http://www.bcbl.eu/calls">link:</a> applying for “PhD Manuel Carreiras (LANGCONN) 2021” and attach the following documentation:</p><ul><li>A curriculum vitae</li><li>A statement outlining research interests and motivation to apply for the position</li><li>Two letters of recommendation</li></ul><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Application process timetable:</strong></p><ol><li>Deadline for application: 31/05/2021</li><li>Evaluation by committee: 01/06/2021-04/06/2021</li><li>Interviews: 07/06/2021-11/06/2021</li><li>Final decision: 14/06/2021</li><li>Feedback to all applicants: 15/06/2021</li><li>Work contract start date: 01/07/2021 (flexible)</li></ol><p data-mce-style="margin: 0px;" style="margin: 0px;"><strong>Contact details for enquiries: </strong><a data-mce-href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu" href="mailto:hr@bcbl.eu">hr@bcbl.eu</a></p></div></div>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-15216683197527535782021-04-03T16:05:00.003-07:002021-04-03T16:05:24.405-07:00 Research assistant / Lab manager position available in the O-Lab at Duke University<p> <b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;">Research assistant / Lab manager position available in the O-Lab at Duke University</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">We are looking for a highly motivated recent or soon-to-be graduate to join the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://people.duke.edu/~jto10" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">O-Lab</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, led by Prof. Tobias Overath, in the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://psychandneuro.duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Department of Psychology & Neuroscience</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> at </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Duke University</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. Work in our lab investigates how sounds, from simple sinusoids to complex speech signals, are analyzed in the human brain, using a combination of behavioral (psychoacoustics) and neuroimaging methods (fMRI, EEG, ECoG) to track the underlying neural processes. Current projects investigate the transformation from acoustic to linguistic analysis of temporal speech structure in subcortical and cortical structures of human auditory cortex, online measures of statistical learning, and optimization of cochlear implant coding strategies. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Applicants should have received an undergraduate degree in psychology, neuroscience, biomedical engineering, or a related field by summer 2021. A strong interest in how the brain processes sound is a plus, as is excellent knowledge of at least one programing language (preferably Matlab). Familiarity with fMRI, EEG, and/or a related experimental technique is also very welcome. The main emphasis of the position will be on being involved with, and taking the lead on, research projects, thereby gaining valuable research experience for future applications to graduate school. Bureaucratic aspects of the position (such as scheduling and reimbursement of participants, lab equipment purchases, IRB protocols, etc.) are projected to be comparatively limited.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Duke University</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> provides a vibrant, highly connected scientific environment, with many relevant departments and interdisciplinary initiatives (e.g. Departments of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.neuro.duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Neurobiology</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://bme.duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Biomedical Engineering</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ece.duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Electrical and Computer Engineering</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">; </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://dibs.duke.edu/centers/ccn" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Center for Cognitive Neuroscience</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://dibs.duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Duke Institute for Brain Sciences</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.biac.duke.edu/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Brain Imaging and Analysis Center</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">). In addition, the Research Triangle area (Durham, Chapel Hill, Raleigh) boasts a wealth of research initiatives.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Prospective start date is August or September, 2021. Applications will be reviewed until the position is filled. Candidates from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds are expressly encouraged to apply.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Applications should be officially submitted via Duke’s Careers </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://careers.duke.edu/job/Durham-RESEARCH-TECHNICIAN-II%2C-PSYCHOLOGY-&-NEUROSCIENCE-NC-27710/729539600/" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">website</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, requisition ID 108428. In addition, please feel free to also send a cover letter, CV, and a list of 3 potential references, directly to Tobias Overath via email: </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="mailto:t.overath@duke.edu" style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">t.overath@duke.edu</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-87945773866666528702021-03-31T07:55:00.005-07:002021-03-31T07:55:37.925-07:00 Post-doctoral Research Position, University of Iowa<p><br /></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">University of Iowa<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">Human Brain Research Laboratory<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">Iowa City, IA<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">Posted 4/1/2021<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">A postdoctoral research position is available in the Human Brain Research Laboratory (HBRL) in the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Iowa. Our research utilizes human patient volunteers undergoing neurosurgical treatment to investigate the control of speech and interactions between motor and sensory systems related to speech. We use a collaborative team of investigators and a combination of electrophysiology measures of cortical and subcortical function obtained from implanted surface, depth, and microelectrode recording montages. In addition we utilize functional imaging studies (fMRI) in the same subjects.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">Applicants must have completed a Ph.D. in a neuroscience or related research field within the last 2-3 years. Preference will be given to applicants with experience in electrophysiology, signal processing, functional imaging analysis, and computational methods including experience with MATLAB. Salary will be commensurate with research experience and based on NIH guidelines for post-doctoral fellows.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in;">Applicants should submit a C.V., a letter of interest describing research interests and career goals, and contact information for three professional references to Dr. Jeremy Greenlee at jeremy-greenlee@uiowa.edu. <o:p></o:p></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-33518150811223842042021-03-15T12:16:00.001-07:002021-03-15T12:16:12.130-07:00A reading list on the neurobiology of syntax<p> <strong>History/Background</strong></p><p> </p><p>Goodglass. Agrammatism in aphasiology</p><p>Caramazza, A., & Zurif, E. B. (1976). Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in sentence comprehension: Evidence from aphasia. Brain and Language, 3, 572-582.</p><p>Linebarger, M. C., Schwartz, M., & Saffran, E. (1983). Sensitivity to grammatical structure in so-called agrammatic aphasics. Cognition, 13, 361-393.</p><p>Grodzinsky, Y. (2000). The neurology of syntax: Language use without Broca's area. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 1-21. <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/neurology-of-syntax-language-use-without-brocas-area/FE02A366DD5EB5E8661ED2060738210B">https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/neurology-of-syntax-language-use-without-brocas-area/FE02A366DD5EB5E8661ED2060738210B</a></p><p>Heeschen, C., & Kolk, H. (1988). Agrammatism and paragrammatism. Aphasiology, 2, 299-302.</p><p>Butterworth B, Howard D. 1987. Paragrammatisms. Cognition. 26(1):1–37.</p><p> </p><p><strong>What is syntax? (And a little bit of parsing.) </strong></p><p> </p><p>Jackendoff. Précis of Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution</p><p><a href="http://projects.illc.uva.nl/LaCo/clclab/media/pdfs/2003/zuidema2003c.pdf">http://projects.illc.uva.nl/LaCo/clclab/media/pdfs/2003/zuidema2003c.pdf</a></p><p>Jackendoff. A Parallel Architecture perspective on language processing <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661303000809">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661303000809</a></p><p>Goldberg. Constructions. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661303000809">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661303000809</a></p><p>Culicover and Jackendoff. The simpler syntax hypothesis. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661306001860</p><p>Jackendoff & Audring. Relational Morphology. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02241/full">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02241/full</a></p><p>Lewis et al. Computational principles of working memory in sentence comprehension. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661306002142">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661306002142</a></p><p>Everaert, M. B. H., Huybregts, M. A. C., Chomsky, N., Berwick, R. C., & Bolhuis, J. J. (2015). Structures, Not Strings: Linguistics as Part of the Cognitive Sciences. Trends Cogn Sci, 19(12), 729-743. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.008</p><p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364661315002326">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364661315002326</a></p><p> </p><p><strong>What’s the Data? – Functional Imaging</strong></p><p> </p><p>Friederici, A. D., Ruschemeyer, S. A., Hahne, A., & Fiebach, C. J. (2003). The role of left inferior frontal and superior temporal cortex in sentence comprehension: localizing syntactic and semantic processes. Cereb Cortex, 13(2), 170-177.</p><p>Bornkessel, I., Zysset, S., Friederici, A. D., von Cramon, D. Y., & Schlesewsky, M. (2005). Who did what to whom? The neural basis of argument hierarchies during language comprehension. Neuroimage, 26(1), 221-233. doi: S1053-8119(05)00058-3 [pii] 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.032</p><p>Rogalsky C, Matchin W, Hickok G.Front Hum Neurosci. 2008 Oct 6;2:14. doi: 10.3389/neuro.09.014.2008. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18958214/">Broca's area, sentence comprehension, and working memory: an fMRI Study.</a></p><p>Pallier C, Devauchelle A, Dehaene S. 2011. Cortical representation of the constituent structure of sentences. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 108:2522–2527.</p><p>Nelson, M. J., El Karoui, I., Giber, K., Yang, X., Cohen, L., Koopman, H., . . . Dehaene, S. (2017). Neurophysiological dynamics of phrase-structure building during sentence processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114(18), E3669-E3678. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1701590114</p><p>Matchin, W., Hammerly, C., & Lau, E. (2017). The role of the IFG and pSTS in syntactic prediction: Evidence from a parametric study of hierarchical structure in fMRI. Cortex, 88, 106-123. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.010</p><p>Pylkkanen, L. (2019). The neural basis of combinatory syntax and semantics. Science, 366(6461), 62-66. doi: 10.1126/science.aax0050</p><p>Mollica et al. 2020 Composition is the Core Driver of the Language-selective Network <a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/nol_a_00005">https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/nol_a_00005</a></p><p>Fedorenko, E., Blank, I. A., Siegelman, M., & Mineroff, Z. (2020). Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network. Cognition, 203, 104348. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104348</p><p> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027720301670?via%3Dihub">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027720301670?via%3Dihub</a></p><p> </p><p><strong>What’s the data? Neuropsych</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Rogalsky et al. The Neurobiology of Agrammatic Sentence Comprehension: A Lesion Study</p><p><a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/jocn_a_01200">https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/jocn_a_01200</a></p><p>Wilson SM, Galantucci S, Tartaglia MC, Rising K, Patterson DK, Henry ML, Gorno-Tempini ML. 2011. Syntactic processing depends on dorsal language tracts. Neuron. 72:397–403.</p><p>Wilson SM, DeMarco AT, Henry ML, Gesierich B, Babiak M, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML. 2016. Variable disruption of a syntactic processing network in primary progressive aphasia. Brain. 139:2994–3006.</p><p>Pillay SB, Binder JR, Humphries C, Gross WL, Book DS. 2017. Lesion localization of speech comprehension deficits in chronic aphasia. Neurol. 88:970–975.</p><p>den Ouden DB, Malyutina S, Basilakos A, Bonilha L, Gleichgerrcht E, Yourganov G, Hillis AE, Hickok G, Rorden C, Fridriksson J. 2019. Cortical and structural-connectivity damage correlated with impaired syntactic processing in aphasia. Human brain mapping, 40(7): 2153–2173. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hbm.24514">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hbm.24514</a></p><p> </p><p><strong>What’s the data? Production</strong></p><p> </p><p>Lee, D. K., Fedorenko, E., Simon, M. V., Curry, W. T., Nahed, B. V., Cahill, D. P., & Williams, Z. M. (2018). Neural encoding and production of functional morphemes in the posterior temporal lobe. Nat Commun, 9(1), 1877. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04235-3</p><p> </p><p>Chang, et al. Selective Interference with Syntactic Encoding during Sentence Production by Direct Electrocortical Stimulation of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus <a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/jocn_a_01215">https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/jocn_a_01215</a></p><p> </p><p>Wilson, S. M., Henry, M. L., Besbris, M., Ogar, J. M., Dronkers, N. F., Jarrold, W., . . . Gorno-Tempini, M. L. (2010). Connected speech production in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Brain, 133(Pt 7), 2069-2088. doi: 10.1093/brain/awq129</p><p> </p><p>Matchin, W., Basilakos, A., Stark B. C., den Ouden, D., Fridriksson, J., Hickok, G. (2020). Agrammatism and paragrammatism: a cortical double dissociation revealed by lesion-symptom mapping. Neurobiology of Language. <a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/nol_a_00010">https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/nol_a_00010</a></p><p> </p><p><strong>Models</strong></p><p> </p><p>Grodzinsky, Y., & Santi, A. (2008). The battle for Broca's region. Trends Cogn Sci, 12(12), 474-480. doi: S1364-6613(08)00222-2 [pii]</p><p>10.1016/j.tics.2008.09.001</p><p>Sprouse & Lau. Syntax and the Brain <a href="https://sprouse.uconn.edu/papers/Sprouse%20and%20Lau%202013%20-%20CHGS.pdf">https://sprouse.uconn.edu/papers/Sprouse%20and%20Lau%202013%20-%20CHGS.pdf</a></p><p>Hagoort, P. MUC (Memory, Unification, Control): A Model on the Neurobiology of Language Beyond Single Word Processing</p><p><a href="https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2193289/component/file_2193288/content">https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2193289/component/file_2193288/content</a></p><p>Hagoort, P., & Indefrey, P. (2014). The neurobiology of language beyond single words. Annu Rev Neurosci, 37, 347-362. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-013847</p><p>Friederici, A. Neural basis for human syntax: Broca’s area and beyond <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154617301286">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154617301286</a></p><p>Matchin & Hickok 2020. The cortical organization of syntax. Cerebral Cortex. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-abstract/30/3/1481/5588467">https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-abstract/30/3/1481/5588467</a></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-18851433926321600272021-03-11T16:02:00.000-08:002021-03-11T16:02:00.877-08:00Postdoctoral Fellow Position in Speech Neuroscience - Univ. of South Carolina + UC Irvine<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #830604; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #830604; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Postdoctoral Fellow Position in Speech Neuroscience <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of South Carolina is inviting applicants for an NIH-funded post-doctoral fellow position in the Speech Neuroscience Lab. Our research is focused on studying the sensorimotor mechanisms of speech and their impairments in neurogenic populations with post-stroke aphasia. Excellent facilities for EEG, fMRI, tDCS, and behavioral testing are available. The fellow will have an exciting opportunity to pursue collaborative and self-directed projects at the Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery at the University of South Carolina, the Department of Neurology at Medical University of South Carolina, and the Department of Cognitive and Language Sciences at the University of California, Irvine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The post-doctoral fellow will be involved in coordinating research activities, experimental design, data acquisition and analysis of behavioral, EEG and fMRI data and will contribute to several projects in the lab and will collaborate on writing of manuscripts, grant proposals and conference presentations. Candidates with a PhD in Communication Sciences and Disorders, Speech and Hearing Science and other related fields (e.g., Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Engineering and Psychology) are welcome to apply. Salary will be commensurate with experience. <b><i>The post-doctoral fellow should have experience with collecting data in human subjects and should have training in signal processing and statistics. Experience with EEG and fMRI data collection and analysis, MATLAB programming and SPSS are preferred.<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Applicants must submit an online application at USC Jobs website: </span><a href="https://uscjobs.sc.edu/" style="color: #954f72;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">https://uscjobs.sc.edu/</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> (Posting Number: </span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">STA00180PO21</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">). Materials must include: 1) a cover letter; 2) a current CV; and 3) contact information for three references. Review of applications will begin on <b>April 15, 2021</b> and will continue until the position is filled. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Questions should be directed to: Roozbeh Behroozmand, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene St, Rm. 202B, Columbia, SC 29208 – </span><a href="mailto:r-behroozmand@sc.edu" style="color: #954f72;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">r-behroozmand@sc.edu</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">For more information about our lab, please visit our websites at:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Speech Neuroscience Lab:</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><a href="https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/research/research_areas/communication_sciences_and_disorders/speech_neuroscience_lab/index.php" style="color: #954f72;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/research/research_areas/communication_sciences_and_disorders/speech_neuroscience_lab/index.php</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"></span><a href="https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/study/areas_of_study/communication_sciences_and_disorders/index.php" style="color: #954f72;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/study/areas_of_study/communication_sciences_and_disorders/index.php</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The University of South Carolina is an affirmative action, equal opportunity employer. Our institution values diversity of all kinds, and we encourage people who identify as women and under-represented minorities to apply. The University of South Carolina does not discriminate in employment practices based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender, gender identity, transgender status, age, disability, sexual orientation, genetics, protected veteran status, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions. </span></i><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9048879464910781933.post-60463729462951991362021-03-08T08:43:00.005-08:002021-03-08T09:59:32.697-08:00 Towards a New Functional Anatomy of Language: A Proposal for a Special Issue of Cognition, circa 2001<p style="text-align: left;">The following is our proposal for a special issue of <i>Cognition</i> submitted to Jacques Mehler in 2000 and then accepted after a couple of rounds of review in January 2001. The proposal was almost a mini paper itself! It finally appeared in print in the May 2004 issue.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">Towards a New Functional Anatomy of Language</span></p><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style><p class="MsoTitle"><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>A Proposal for a Special Issue of <i>Cognition</i><o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gregory Hickok <o:p></o:p></span></h2><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Department of Cognitive Sciences<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">University of California, Irvine<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">David Poeppel<o:p></o:p></span></h2><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Department of Linguistics, and<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Department of Biology<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">University of Maryland, College Park<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><i>Accepted 24 January 2001<o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.5in;">There has been virtually no progress in the development of models of the functional anatomy of language since the late 19<sup>th</sup> century. Although this statement may appear to be an overstatement, it is difficult to refute. To be sure, there has been a tremendous accumulation of knowledge within the field since the first anatomical model of language was put forth by Wernicke in 1874: We now have a far better understanding (i) of the nature of language representation, (ii) of the stages and operations involved in processing language in real time, (iii) of the symptom complex of aphasia and the distribution of lesions linked to these various symptoms and syndromes, (iv) of the brain regions which are physiologically active while normal subjects perform various language tasks, and (v) of the structure and functional organization of the brain generally. But despite this accumulation of knowledge, there is no functional anatomical model of language which does a better job at capturing the range of empirical facts than Wernicke’s 1874 model, even with its many acknowledged shortcomings. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.5in;">Put another way, the parallel development of linguistic and psycholinguistic facts and models on the one hand, and anatomical facts and models on the other, has remained just that, parallel. This observation is highlighted by a figure (reproduced below), from the language chapter in Gazzaniga et al.’s recent (1998) Cognitive Neuroscience textbook, which shows a version of Levelt’s psycholinguistic model and its (non-)relation to brain organization. <o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1onxK6bKRnrrfbTYj9BWWW7ZPvNM9A5TAiKOskdZ2_L7sJ5j_ybDip3oNthCu6YeSbxMfUoPXsCyiFlbMH__WFsXm5ME7F4S3jghtwlH52XbLRqiwLKuR5xhbGZOFAcTjKdr-JbWSw06g/s2048/gazz+fig.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1335" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1onxK6bKRnrrfbTYj9BWWW7ZPvNM9A5TAiKOskdZ2_L7sJ5j_ybDip3oNthCu6YeSbxMfUoPXsCyiFlbMH__WFsXm5ME7F4S3jghtwlH52XbLRqiwLKuR5xhbGZOFAcTjKdr-JbWSw06g/s320/gazz+fig.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="font-size: medium;">The primary goal of this special issue to push the field closer to bridging this gap. Explicit attempts at bridging this gap have already begun in the form of several recent publications by a number of authors, using a wide variety of cognitive neuroscientific methods. Several authors, for example, have made serious attempts to link portions of psycholinguistic models with the brain systems that support them (Blumstein, 1995; Boatman, et al., 1998; Indefrey & Levelt, 2000; Ullman, et al., 1997). Others have been instrumental in challenging misconceptions of the neuroanatomy of language (Anderson, et al., 1999; Dronkers, Redfern, & Knight, 2000; Hickok & Poeppel, 2000; Norris & Wise, 2000), and even identifying new regions involved in language processes (Damasio, Grabowski, Tranel, Hichwa, & Damasio, 1996; Dronkers, 1996). Still others have made an effort to reinterpret the functional anatomy of language in terms consistent with what is known about functional brain organization more generally (Aboitiz & García V., 1997; Hickok & Poeppel, 2000; Ullman, et al., 1997). It is time to bring these fresh perspectives together in one volume.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.5in;">We have invited several of the leaders of this “new movement” to contribute a paper for a special issue of <i>Cognition</i>; all have accepted. Each author has been presented with the charge to write a paper which not only provides a competent review of the data within a sub-field of language-brain research, but attempts to place those facts in a theoretical context. This context may be a psycholinguistic theory, an existing or novel functional anatomical model, or ideally, both. This charge precludes reviews that are merely progress reports from the author’s lab, or lists of recent findings. Instead, the papers will generate new testable hypotheses, which will serve to guide future work. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0.5in;">The contributors represent a wide range of sub-domains of language-brain research – e.g., speech perception, lexical and morphological processes, syntactic processes, speech production, working memory -- as well as a wide range of methodological techniques – e.g., imaging, lesion, cortical stimulation, split brain, neurodegeneration. These authors were carefully chosen. Since our goal is to spark further development of <u>integrative</u> large-scale models of the functional anatomy of language, we chose contributors with complementary theoretical and methodological backgrounds. And while individual authors inevitably have specific expertise in, or bias towards, a particular method or theoretical approach, we have asked authors to adopt a broader perspective, both in data and theory, in the development of their contributions. One way we plan to do this is to encourage interaction among the contributors during the manuscript preparation process which will allow authors to draw on the resources and expertise of other members of the group. (For example, we have established a web-site accessible to contributors where we will post manuscript abstracts, outlines, drafts, and so on.) Our expectation is that together, this collection of papers will provide a scaffolding for the further development of new large scale models of the functional anatomy of language. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b> </b></p><h1>Outline of the Special Issue<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">The authors listed below comprise our final list of contributors. All have accepted our invitation to contribute a paper. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">The first two papers (Wise & Scott, and Boatman) address the cortical organization of auditory perception of speech up to the word level. Wise & Scott start with a review of neuropsychological and physiological data to paint a general picture of the neural basis of speech perception and then draw on evidence from functional neuroimaging to further parcel out the subdivisions of auditory cortex. Wise & Scott’s emphasis will be on pre-lexical processes. Boatman addresses a similar issue with an increase in emphasis on higher-level issues concerning the interface between sub-lexical, lexical, and post-lexical processes in the perception/comprehension of speech. She will draw on her expertise with a wide range of lesion-based work (broadly construed to include stimulation mapping, split brain, Wada, and aphasia studies). <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">The next three papers (Dronkers et al; Ullman; and Friederici) deal with the neural basis of lexical and grammatical processes. Dronkers et al. will review word- and sentence-level comprehension deficits in aphasia and present two new large-scale lesion studies addressing this issue with special emphasis on how word- and sentence-level processes interact in language comprehension. Ullman will focus on the psycholinguistic distinction between lexical and grammatical processes, using data from a wide variety of sources to argue for a neural distinction between lexicon and grammar that parallels the distinction between explicit and procedural knowledge more generally. Friederici will review evidence for the recent suggestion that syntactic processes may be supported by anterior temporal lobe systems. She will also discuss possible roles for Broca’s area in syntactic processing, and how these temporal and frontal systems may interact. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">The sixth and seventh papers (Levelt & Indefrey; and Damasio et al.) will tackle the issue of the anatomy of speech <u>production</u>. Levelt & Indefrey will attempt to make sense of a large number of functional imaging studies of speech production by decomposing the tasks into psycholinguistically relevant components. On the basis of this meta-analysis, and with supporting data from other methods, they will argue for a set of anatomical correlates of psycholinguistic models of speech production. Damasio et al. will present a major review of the neuroanatomy of lexical access in categorical naming along with the new experiments from their lab.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">The final paper (Hickok & Poeppel) will propose a new model of the functional anatomy of language (including working memory) which integrates findings from psycholinguistics, aphasia, neuroimaging, and the surgical-based techniques. A central theme of the proposal is that the functional anatomy of language can be understood in terms of more general models of functional anatomy. <o:p></o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>List of Contributors and Paper Titles<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Introduction: Towards a New Functional Anatomy of Language <o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Gregory Hickok and David Poeppel<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">(10 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Organisation of Cortical Systems for Speech Perception <o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Richard Wise and Sophie Scott<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">(30 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Neural Bases of Auditory Language Processing: New Evidence from Lesion Studies <o:p></o:p></b></p><h1 style="break-after: auto;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Dana Boatman<o:p></o:p></span></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">(15 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Lesion Analysis of Word- and Sentence-Level Comprehension Deficits in Aphasia</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Nina F. Dronkers, David P. Wilkins, Robert D. Van Valin Jr., Brenda B. Redfern and Jeri J. Jaeger<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;">(40 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><b>The Contribution of Brain Memory Circuits to Language</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Michael Ullman <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">(35 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Neural Basis of Syntactic Processing<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Angela Friederici<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">(25 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>The Spatial and Temporal Signatures of Language Production Components<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Willem J.M. Levelt and Peter Indefrey<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">(30 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Neural Correlates of Category Related Naming</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">H. Damasio, A. Damasio, D. Tranel, T. Grabowski and R. Adolphs<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">(50 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Dorsal and Ventral Streams in Speech and Language Processes <o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Gregory Hickok and David Poeppel<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;">(45 pages)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b><u><o:p> </o:p></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Gregory Hickok and David Poeppel<o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">University of California, Irvine, and University of Maryland, College Park<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Towards a New Functional Anatomy of Language<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>1.0 The Old Functional Anatomy of Language<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.1<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What's right with the Wernicke-Lichtheim model<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What's wrong with the Wernicke-Lichtheim model<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>2.0 The New Functional Anatomy of Language<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">2.1 Why we need it: there has been no viable replacement for Wernicke-Lichtheim<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">2.2 Why it's possible now: advances in neuroscience and technology<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">2.3 Why it hasn't yet emerged: lack of integration across neuroscience sub-fields and methods <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">2.4 What it should look like: constraints on model development<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>3.0 Towards a New Functional Anatomy of Language: The Present Issue<o:p></o:p></b></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Richard Wise and Sophie Scott</b><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, and<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, University College London<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Organisation of Cortical Systems for Speech Perception<o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b> </b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;">Using a variety of speech, speech-like and non-speech stimuli, PET and fMRI studies have demonstrated that the lateral left superior temporal gyrus responds specifically to the phonetic content of speech or speech-like stimuli. PET studies have further demonstrated that the anterior part of the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) responds specifically to intelligible speech: this is a region readily overlooked in fMRI studies because of the presence of susceptibility artefact. PET and fMRI studies have also demonstrated auditory processing of speech in the left posterior temporal cortex. One part, directed along the supratemporal cortical plane, responds to both non-speech and speech sounds, including the sound of the speaker’s own voice. Activity in its most posterior and medial part, at the junction with the inferior parietal lobe, is linked to speech production rather than perception: this region co-activates with the left anterior insula and the most posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus during both propositional and non-propositional speech production. A more lateral and ventral region, in the posterior left superior temporal sulcus, responds both to an external source of speech and to the recall of lists of words during verbal fluency tasks. The results are compatible with a hypothesis that these adjacent regions of the posterior superior temporal cortex are specialised for processes involved in the mimicry of sounds, including repetition. The overall conclusion from these results is that there is a left-lateralised anterior stream of auditory processing for word recognition, and a posterior stream that interfaces with speech production, a system responsible, during language acquisition, for speech rehearsal and the laying down of long term lexical memories.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">The perception of sentences and narratives, but not single words, activates the left temporo-parieto-occipital junction. We speculate that this area is responsible for ‘on-line’ verbal short term memory, necessary for relating the different, serially-perceived elements of sentences, words, phrases and clauses, to enable comprehension of sentences, particularly those with complex grammatical structures.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">The lateral part of the right superior temporal cortex is also activated by the perception of speech. Using appropriate stimuli it is proving possible to demonstrate that it is the non-verbal components of communication, such as pitch and intonation, that are responsible for this response: this accords well with lesion data.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">The basal language area, the left mid and anterior fusiform gyrus, which probably comprises the lateral parahippocampal and perirhinal cortex, is more strongly activated by high imageable than low imageable nouns. Activation of this area is most readily observed when subjects listen to narratives. This is multi-modal association cortex, and is, we speculate, a region involved in the semantic processing of speech and language, with some category-specificity (object > abstract words). It has strong reciprocal anatomical connections with the STS. The anterior STS also projects to the anterior temporal pole, and both infero-lateral and rostral prefrontal cortex. Co-activation of all these regions is observed when subjects perform explicit semantic tasks on verbal stimuli, when a choice has to signalled after mapping several possible semantic associations of a word with the subject’s interpretation of the choice he is being asked to make (e.g. can a human be a lemon?). In contrast, on-line perception of straightforward sentences and narratives activates only temporo-parietal regions, with no premotor or prefrontal cortical involvement.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">Therefore, although incomplete, a picture is emerging of specific streams of processing during speech perception, and the onward projections from these streams can be partially segregated into those that interface with the premotor systems responsible for speech production and those that link with multi-modal association cortex responsible for accessing word meaning and holding verbal elements in short term memory. At the highest level, when an overt or covert decision must be made between of one of several meanings of an ambiguous verbal stimulus, amodal rostral prefrontal cortex is involved.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">Dana Boatman<o:p></o:p></h1><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Johns Hopkins University<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Neural Bases of Auditory Language Processing: <o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>New Evidence from Lesion Studies<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Outline<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The traditional left hemisphere (unilateral) model of speech perception, first proposed in the 1960s, is still widely accepted today.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->This model is based largely on studies of left hemisphere stroke patients with posterior cortical lesions and associated receptive aphasias.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Discuss limitations of extrapolating from stroke studies to neural bases of speech perception, including issues of bilateral subcortical auditory projections, lesion size, lesion location, presbycusis, and lack of premorbid data.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Describe new generation of clinical lesion studies of speech perception that avoid limitations of traditional stroke models. Discuss particular lesion techniques, including cortical stimulation, Wada testing, hemispherectomy, transcranial magnetic stimulation.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->V.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Review recent speech perception lesion studies that challenge the traditional left hemisphere model of speech perception by showing that: <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->lesions of Wernicke's area do not necessarily produce speech perception (phonological) deficits, but instead may selectively impair access to lexical-semantic information from audition (discussion of cortical stimulation studies, re-analysis of stroke studies). <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->the speech perception capabilities of the right hemisphere have been underestimated (discuss recent Wada studies, aphasia recovery studies; hemispherectomy studies); <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->under certain listening conditions, speech perception appears to require both hemispheres (discuss two of our recent hemispherectomy studies; supporting evidence from neuroimaging literature and electrophysiology (PET and fMRI studies, Wise & Scott chapter) and how data provide support for claims by Hickok & Poeppel 2000).<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->VI.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Argue for revision/rejection of traditional left hemisphere model of speech perception warrants based on recent lesion evidence. Revised model to include a critical role for both hemispheres in speech perception, recognition that different cortical circuits may be invoked for different speech perception tasks, and greater intra-hemispheric interaction between different cortical regions involved in speech perception. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Nina F. Dronkers1,2, David P. Wilkins3, Robert D. Van Valin Jr.4, Brenda B. Redfern1,2 and Jeri J. Jaeger4<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">1 VA Northern California Health Care System<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">2 University of California, Davis<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">3 Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">4 State University of New York at Buffalo<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Lesion Analysis of Word- and Sentence-Level Comprehension Deficits in Aphasia<o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Introduction<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Lexical- and Sentence-Level Comprehension Deficits in Aphasia: A Critical Review<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Experiment 1: Neuroanatomy of Single Word Comprehension Deficits in Aphasia<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Experiment 2: Neuroanatomy of Sentence Comprehension Deficits in Aphasia<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Converging Evidence from Other Methodologies<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Relation Between Comprehension and Production Systems<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.0<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Summary and Conclusions<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><b> </b></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Michael Ullman</b><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Georgetown University<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>The contribution of brain memory circuits to language</b><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Our use of language depends upon two capacities: a mental lexicon of memorized words, and a mental grammar of rules that underlie the sequential and hierarchical composition of lexical forms into predictably structured larger words, phrases, and sentences. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">The Declarative/Procedural model posits that the lexicon/grammar distinction in language is tied to the distinction between two well-studied brain memory systems. On this view, the memorization and use of at least simple words (those with non-compositional — that is, arbitrary — form-meaning pairings) depends upon an associative memory of distributed representations that is subserved by temporal-lobe circuits previously implicated in the learning and use of fact and event knowledge. This “declarative memory” system appears to be specialized for learning arbitrarily-related information (i.e., for associative binding). In contrast, the acquisition and use of aspects of symbol-manipulating grammatical are subserved by frontal/basal-ganglia circuits previously implicated in the implicit (non-conscious) learning and expression of motor and cognitive “skills” (e.g., from simple motor acts to skilled game playing). This “procedural” system may be specialized for computing sequences. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">This novel view of lexicon and grammar offers an alternative to the two main competing theoretical frameworks. It shares the perspective of traditional Dual-Mechanism theories in positing that the mental lexicon and a symbol-manipulating mental grammar are subserved by distinct computational components that may be linked to distinct brain structures. However, it diverges from these theories where they assume components dedicated to each of the two language capacities (that is, domain-specific), and in their common assumption that lexical memory is a rote list of items. Conversely, while it shares with Single-Mechanism theories the perspective that the two capacities are subserved by domain-independent computational mechanisms, it diverges from them where they link both capacities to a single associative memory system with broad anatomic distribution. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">The Declarative/Procedural model, but neither traditional Dual-Mechanism nor Single-Mechanism models, predicts double dissociations between lexicon and grammar, with associations among associative memory properties, memorized words and facts, and temporal-lobe structures, and among symbol-manipulation properties, grammatical rule-products, motor skills, and frontal/basal-ganglia structures. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Although data from studies of syntactic computation (in particular, of syntactic structure building), and of phonological sequencing are presented, the paper focuses on morphology. The investigation of morphologically complex forms allow one to contrast lexicon and grammar while holding other factors relatively constant. Morphological transformations that are (largely) unproductive (e.g., in <i>go-went, solemn-solemnity</i>) are hypothesized to be memorized in declarative memory. These have been contrasted with morphological transformations that are fully productive (e.g., in <i>walk-walked, happy-happiness</i>), whose computation is posited to be dependent upon grammatical rules subserved by the procedural system. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Multiple lines of evidence are presented, from a number of languages (including English, Italian, German, and Japanese), using a range of psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic approaches, including: the examination of frequency, neighborhood, imageability, working memory, and priming effects; the behavioral testing of patients with developmental, acquired, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Specific Language Impairment, Phenylketonuria, Williams syndrome, posterior and anterior aphasia, and Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases; and neuroimaging, using fMRI, EEG/ERPs, and MEG. In addition, evidence will be presented that suggests differences in the relative lexical/grammatical reliance on the two memory systems between men and women, and between first and second language speakers. Finally, implications from the model for therapeutic approaches to language disorders are discussed, and supporting evidence is presented.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">Angela Friederici<o:p></o:p></h1><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Max Planck Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Neural Basis of Syntactic Processing<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">Traditionally left frontal and temporal language areas have been functionally defined as supporting production and comprehension, respectively. More recently the distinction has been made between syntactic and lexical-semantic processes. Here the view will be put forward that both frontal and temporal brain areas are involved in syntactic processes during language comprehension. The functional specification of these areas describes the anterior part of the superior temporal gyrus (planum polare) and the inferior frontal gyrus to support syntactic processing during sentence comprehension as indicated by fMRI.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Both areas are involved in early structure building processes during comprehension as shown by MEG results. The particular function the planum polare might play, is to access word category information which is a necessary pre-condition to engage structure building processes. This information provides immediate access to all of the syntactic rules involving a given category and is thus, the basis for rule application procedures possibly supported by the inferior frontal gyrus. The high automaticity of these procedures only leads to minimal activation in the frontal region when processing simple sentences.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">The inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44) is shown to come into play more strongly when syntactic processes become more demanding, be it due to an increase in syntactic memory requirement as in long distance dependencies or be it due to an increase in the attentional demands on syntactic features as in certain tasks.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">Willem J.M. Levelt and Peter Indefrey<o:p></o:p></h1><p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>The spatial and temporal signatures of language production components<o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">In a recent meta-analysis (Indefrey & Levelt, 2000) we have identified a left-lateralized cerebral network for the core processes of word production. The brain activation patterns that were reliably induced by different word production tasks turned out to be compatible with a theory-driven analysis of the functional processing components of the respective tasks. This allowed a tentative identification of the neural correlates of single processing components, such as lexical word-form retrieval and post-lexical phonological encoding.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">In the present work we will investigate the implications of these findings in two directions. (i) Relations of cerebral regions to specific processing components predict not only their activation in a certain set of experimental tasks, but also time-windows in which this activation should be observed. We will examine whether the available electrophysiological and magneto-encephalographic data on language production are compatible with the predicted time-windows. (ii) There is solid evidence from psycholinguistic experiments demonstrating an influence of language comprehension processes on simultaneously occurring language production processes and vice versa. There is also evidence, however, that the two processing streams do not simply recruit all processing components in the opposite direction. It is a controversial and to date unresolved question, which processing steps are bidirectional, involving shared processing components, and which are not. In the present work, we will extend the meta-analysis procedure developed in Indefrey & Levelt (2000) to investigate the locations of cerebral activations during selected language comprehension and production tasks in a common anatomical reference space. This will allow the identification of sets of cerebral areas that are shared between different production and comprehension tasks. In a further step we will attempt to link the functional neuroanatomical data to the shared processing components to be identified in a theory-based task analysis.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>1.0 The functional organization of word production<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">1.1. The components of word production<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">1.2. The time course of word production<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">1.3. Effects of comprehension on word production<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b>2.0 Cerebral regions involved in word production and comprehension - a meta-analysis<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">2.1. A component analysis of word production and comprehension tasks<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">2.2. Meta-analysis procedures<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">2.3. Neural correlates of task-specific lead-in processes<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">2.4. Neural correlates of the core processes of word production<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">2.5. Shared neural correlates of word production and comprehension processes<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>3.0 The time course of cerebral activations during word production<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">3.1. Time-windows of interaction between word production and comprehension<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">3.2. Integrating temporal and spatial information - a tentative flow-chart of word production<o:p></o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>H. Damasio, A. Damasio, D. Tranel, T. Grabowski and R. Adolphs<o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">University of Iowa<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Neural Correlates of Category Related Naming</b><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">1.0 Introduction <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">2.0 Theoretical framework<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">3.0 Methods issues<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">4.0 Evidence from lesion studies<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">5.0 Evidence from functional imaging<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">6.0 A neuroanatomical architecture for word retrieval<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Gregory Hickok and David Poeppel</b><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">University of California, Irvine, and University of Maryland, College Park<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><b>Dorsal and Ventral Streams in Speech and Language Processes<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>1.0 Preliminaries<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">1.1 A Perspective on Linguistic Specificity in Neural Organization<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">1.2 On Tasks and Goals in Language Processing and Brain Mapping<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>2.0 Overview of the Model</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>3.0 Task Dissociations in "Speech Perception"<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">3.1 Aphasia<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">3.2 Split Brain<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">3.3 Neuroimaging<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">3.4 Illiteracy<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>4.0 The Ventral Stream(s?)<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">4.1 Bilateral organization at the lowest levels of the processing hierarchy<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">4.1.2 Wernicke's footnote<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">4.1.2 Brief review of evidence: aphasia, word deafness, split brains, imaging, stimulation<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">4.2 Asymmetries embedded in bilateral organization<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">4.3 The sound-meaning interface<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">4.4 Speculations on grammatical processes in anterior superior temporal lobe<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>5.0 The Dorsal Stream</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">5.1 Sensory-motor integration in the parietal lobe<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">5.2 Sensory-motor integration in speech<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">5.2.1 Developmental requirements<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">5.2.2 Operation in the adult <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;"> 5.2.2.1 Repetition of pseudowords<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;"> 5.2.2.2 Altered auditory feedback experiments<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;"> 5.2.2.3 Shadowing latency suggests efficient S-M system<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">5.2.3 Role in phonological working memory<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">5.2.4 Role in sub-lexical speech tasks<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">5.3 Localization<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">5.3.1 Working memory tasks<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.5in;">5.3.2 Sub-lexical speech tasks<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>6.0 Perception-Production Overlap in Posterior "Sensory" Cortex<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">6.1 Evidence from aphasia<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">6.2 Evidence from stimulation mapping<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">6.3 Evidence from neuroimaging<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">6.4 Evidence from cytoarchitectonics<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">6.5 Relation to Motor-Theory of Speech Perception<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">6.6 On mirror neurons<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><b>7.0 Understanding Aphasia<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">7.1 Word deafness<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">7.2 Conduction aphasia<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">7.3 Transcortical sensory aphasia<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 0.25in;">7.4 Wernicke's aphasia<b><u><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" />References<o:p></o:p></u></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Aboitiz, F., & García V., R. (1997). The evolutionary origin of language areas in the human brain. A neuroanatomical perspective. <i>Brain Research Reviews, 25</i>, 381-396.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Anderson, J.M., Gilmore, R., Roper, S., Crosson, B., Bauer, R.M., Nadeau, S., Beversdorf, D.Q., Cibula, J., Rogish III, M., Kortencamp, S., Hughes, J.D., Gonzalez Rothi, L.J., & Heilman, K.M. (1999). Conduction aphasia and the arcuate fasciculus: A reexamination of the Wernicke-Geschwind model. <i>Brain and Language, 70</i>, 1-12.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Blumstein, S. (1995). The neurobiology of the sound structure of language. In M.S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), <i>The cognitive neurosciences</i> (pp. 913-929). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Boatman, D., Hart, J.J., Lesser, R.P., Honeycutt, N., Anderson, N.B., Miglioretti, D., & Gordon, B. (1998). Right hemisphere speech perception revealed by amobarbital injection and electrical interference. <i>Neurology, 51</i>, 458-464.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Damasio, H., Grabowski, T.J., Tranel, D., Hichwa, R.D., & Damasio, A.R. (1996). A neural basis for lexical retrieval. <i>Nature, 380</i>, 499-505.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Dronkers, N.F. (1996). A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. <i>Nature, 384</i>, 159-161.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Dronkers, N.F., Redfern, B.B., & Knight, R.T. (2000). The neural architecture of language disorders. In M.S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), <i>The new cognitive neurosciences</i> (pp. 949-958). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D. (2000). Towards a functional neuroanatomy of speech perception. <i>Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4</i>, 131-138.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Indefrey, P., & Levelt, W.J.M. (2000). The neural correlates of language production. In M.S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), <i>The new cognitive neurosciences</i> (pp. 845-865). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Norris, D., & Wise, R. (2000). The study of prelexical and lexical processes in comprehension: Psycholinguistics and functional neuroimaging. In M.S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), <i>The new cognitive neurosciences</i> (pp. 867-880). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">Ullman, M.T., Corkin, S., Coppola, M., Hickok, G., Growdon, J.H., Koroshetz, W.J., & Pinker, S. (1997). A neural dissociation within language: Evidence that the mental dictionary is part of declarative memory, and that grammatical rules are processed by the procedure system. <i>Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9</i>, 266-276.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></p>Greg Hickokhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16656473495682901613noreply@blogger.com0